|
|
|
Volume 3 -- August 1999 (43 pages)
STATEMENT OF
PURPOSE: Nazarene Saints
Publishing© is a Bible research
group for a better Scriptural understanding. We are dedicated to the preservation and
publishing of Christian writings which aid Friends of the Nazarene© to “follow
the Lamb no matter where the Lamb goes.” (John 15:14; Revelation 14:4) The Friends
of the Nazarene© are a spiritual
community of Messianic Christians. We are
apologists dedicated to the defense of the truth that “God is One” and not
three. The Bible is our creed. We view this “God-breathed” book as inspired
alone, while the thoughts of men about it are not. We wish to respect the views of our
multitude of Christian brethren. (1 Peter 3:15) The Friends of the Nazarene© web page is http://www.nazarene-friends.org/
. [Mark Miller / Senior Editor (USA West coast); Ralph Slaney / Senior Spanish editor
(Europe); Alberto Padilla / Associate Spanish Editor (USA Northeast); Andy Weeks /
Associate Editor [Webmaster] (USA Midwest);
Andrew Foss / Hebrew editor (Northwest USA)]
Words of Encouragement
Abomination of Desolation
An Early Church Poem on the Lord’s Passion
Interest in the Bible
numerical codes. By using this concordance or
another lexicon keyed to the Strong’s numbers, more can be learned about the meaning.
Some people, like Presidents Lincoln and
Roosevelt, have memorized the entire Bible.
Though this is commendable, few have accomplished this feat. Your purpose here ought to be
to learn and remember key words and subjects in certain Bible books.
Take one book of the Bible at a time beginning
with Philippians as an example of the process. Each paragraph grouping contains
“Lesson Questions.” Review these and try to find the answers as you proceed.
Usually there is a cross referencing text which will provide more information on that
subject and question.
After reading a paragraph with one or several
verses review these and associate what you have read with the subject theme provided for
that material. Do this with each paragraph, one after another. Then at the end of each
chapter ask yourself these summary questions without looking at the chapter reading. Write
these down. If you need to look over certain portions again, do so.
Proceed through the four chapters in Philippians
at your own pace. Take your time and meditate on what you are learning. Do not worry
if you do not grasp everything on the first reading. Few subjects worth learning are
clearly understood upon a first reading. It usually takes several readings to begin to
grasp the overall purpose and the details.
The Gospel of Matthew
Ephesians
Second Peter
First John
Daniel
Revelation
These follow a similar format as those epistles
mentioned above. They are all new versions with a fresh rendering. Some contain two
versions: a literal and a paraphrased. Most key words and phrases are footnoted and all
critical Greek words are studied. There are brief comparisons with other translations and
brief commentary on major subjects.
If the above project is regularly practiced most
will find they have developed a deeper and broader understanding of the Bible. They will
also note that they are growing in Christian character. Others will recognize the change
in their lifestyle and Christian growth. Some who began as first-time readers of the Bible
may discover a true love of teaching the Scriptures to others.
God bless all your efforts to learn and apply
what is learned in a sustained and genuine reading of the Bible. [Now compare lessons on Philippians.]
Theme
Verse: 15
[“Gospel
Behavior”]
Key
word: Citizenship
[NOTE: a number following a Greek word is the Strong's
Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible number. Words of particular interest are noted. The
first rendering is from the literal Revised Standard Versions and the second a
paraphrase by Weymouth.]
1. Who is the letter from?
2. To whom is the letter addressed?
PH1:1
Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are
at Philip'pi, with the bishops [EPI-SCOPOIS-1985] and deacons:
1. Whom does Paul omit here?
PH1:2
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
1. What can bring us joy? (Philippians 4:14)
2. How were they Paul’s partners?
PH1:3
I thank my God in all my remembrance of you, PH1:4 always in every
prayer of mine for you all making my prayer with joy, PH1:5 thankful for
your partnership [COINONIA-2842] in the gospel from the first day until now. PH1:6
And I am sure that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the
day of Jesus Christ. PH1:7 It is right for me to feel thus about you all,
because I hold you in my heart, for you are all partakers [SYN-COINONOUS-4791] with
me of grace, both in my imprisonment and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel.
1. What does Paul pray for them?
PH1:8
For God is my witness, how I yearn for you all with the affection [SPLAGCHNOIS-4698]
of Christ Jesus. PH1:9 And it is my prayer that your love may abound more
and more, with knowledge and all discernment, PH1:10 so that you may approve
what is excellent, and may be pure [EILIKRININEIS-1506] and blameless for the day of
Christ, PH1:11 filled with the fruits of righteousness which come through
Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.
1. From where does Paul write?
2. How did this affect most Christians?
PH1:12
I want you to know, brethren, that what has happened to me has really served to
advance the gospel, PH1:13 so that it has become known throughout the whole
praetorian guard and to all the rest that my imprisonment is for Christ; PH1:14 and
most of the brethren have been made confident in the Lord because of my imprisonment, and
are much more bold to speak the word of God without fear.
1. In what two ways was Christ preached?
2. What is the result?
3. What does Paul hope?
PH1:15
Some indeed preach Christ from envy and rivalry, but others from good will. PH1:16
The latter do it out of love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the
gospel; PH1:17 the former proclaim Christ out of partisanship, not sincerely
but thinking to afflict me in my imprisonment. PH1:18 What then? Only that
in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed; and in that I
rejoice. PH1:19 Yes, and I shall rejoice. For I know that through your
prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ this will turn out for my deliverance, PH1:20
as it is my eager expectation and hope that I shall not be at all ashamed, but that
with full courage now as always Christ will be honored in my body, whether by life or by
death.
1. What two choices are before this prisoner? (2
Timothy 4:8; 1 Corinthians 15:23)
2. Why was it better for Paul to remain alive?
3. With what result to the Christians?
PH1:21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. PH1:22 If it is to be life in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which I shall choose I cannot tell. PH1:23 I am hard pressed between the two. My desire is to depart [ANALYSAI-360] and be with Christ, for that is far better. PH1:24 But to remain in the flesh is more necessary on your account. PH1:25 Convinced of this, I know that I shall remain and continue with you all, for your progress and joy in the faith, PH1:26 so that in me you may have ample cause to glory in Christ Jesus, because of my coming to you again.
1. What does “manner of life” mean? (Colossians
1:10)
2. What does Paul hope he will hear?
3. In addition to belief what may be required of
Christians? (1 Peter 2:21; 4:1)
PH1:27
Only let your manner of life [POLITEUESTHE-4176] be worthy of the gospel of
Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of you that you stand
firm in one spirit, with one mind striving side by side for the faith of the gospel, PH1:28
and not frightened in anything by your opponents. This is a clear omen to them of
their destruction, but of your salvation, and that from God. PH1:29 For it
has been granted to you that for the sake of Christ you should not only believe in him but
also suffer for his sake, PH1:30 engaged in the same conflict which you saw
and now hear to be mine.
1. Sum up Philippians chapter one in a short phrase
2. What are some key words?
3. What verse would you call the “theme
verse”?
4. How does one become a “good citizen”?
5. What lesson will you apply in your life?
Theme
Verse: 5
[“Humble
Obedience”]
Key
Word: Attitude
1. What kind of “mind” should we have? (Acts
4:32)
2. What are some characteristics we should have? (1
Corinthians 13:4-7)
3. What are some characteristics we should not have? (Galatians
5:25, 26)
4. In what way could verse 4 define AGAPE? (1
Corinthians 10:24)
PH2:1 So if there is any encouragement in Christ, any incentive of love [AGAPES], any
participation in the Spirit, any affection and sympathy, PH2:2 complete my
joy by being of the same mind , having the same love [AGAPEN], being in full accord and of
one mind. PH2:3 Do nothing from selfishness or conceit, but in humility
count others better than yourselves. PH2:4 Let each of you look not only to
his own interests, but also to the interests of others.
Philippians
2:5-11 -- Keep the Mind of Christ
1. Whose “mind” should we have? (1
Peter 2:21)
2. What three characteristics did Jesus have?
3. Was Jesus equal to God? (Psalm 8:4)
4. Verses 10, 11 are alluding to what OT text?
(Isaiah 45:23)
PH2:5
Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, PH2:6 who,
though he was in the form of God [MORPHE THEOU], did not count equality with God a thing
to be grasped [HARPAGMON-725], PH2:7 but emptied himself, taking the
form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. PH2:8 And being found
in human form he humbled himself and became obedient unto death, even death
on a cross. PH2:9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him
the name which is above every name, PH2:10 that at the name of Jesus every
knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, PH2:11 and
every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
1. Who is another example of Christ’s
“mind”? (Philippians 3:8)
2. What helps us work out our own salvation? (2
Corinthians7:1, 15)
3. To do this what must we hold fast? How? (2
Timothy 3:16; Hebrews 4:12)
PH2:12
Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, so now, not only as in my presence
but much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; PH2:13
for God is at work in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure. PH2:14
Do all things without grumbling or questioning, PH2:15 that you may be
blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and
perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world, PH2:16 holding
fast the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I may be proud that I did not run in
vain or labor in vain. PH2:17 Even if I am to be poured as a libation upon
the sacrificial offering of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all. PH2:18
Likewise you also should be glad and rejoice with me.
Philippians
2:19-24 -- Timothy -- A Unique Disposition
1. Give another example of Christ’s
“mind” (Philippians 2:5)
2. How was Timothy like Christ? (1 Corinthians
4:17; 16:10)
3. Do all Christians “keep the mind of
Christ”? (Philippians 1:15-17; 4:15)
4. Compare verse 21 with verse 4
PH2:19
I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, so that I may be cheered by news
of you. PH2:20 I have no one like him, who will be genuinely anxious for
your welfare. PH2:21 They all look after their own interests, not those of
Jesus Christ. PH2:22 But Timothy's worth you know, how as a son with a
father he has served with me in the gospel. PH2:23 I hope therefore to send
him just as soon as I see how it will go with me; PH2:24 and I trust in the
Lord that shortly I myself shall come also.
23 So it is he that I hope to send as soon as ever I
see how things go with me; 24 but trusting, as I do, in the Lord, I believe that I
shall myself also come to you before long.
1. Who is another example of Christ’s
“mind”? (Philippians 4:18)
2. What words are used to describe him?
3. How were such examples to be treated? (1
Corinthians 16:18; 1 Thessalonians 5:12)
4. Compare verse 30 with verse 8
PH2:25
I have thought it necessary to send to you Epaphrodi'tus my brother and fellow worker
and fellow soldier, and your messenger and minister to my need, PH2:26 for
he has been longing for you all, and has been distressed because you heard that he was
ill. PH2:27 Indeed he was ill, near to death. But God had mercy on him, and
not only on him but on me also, lest I should have sorrow upon sorrow. PH2:28 I
am the more eager to send him, therefore, that you may rejoice at seeing him again, and
that I may be less anxious. PH2:29 So receive him in the Lord with all joy;
and honor such men, PH2:30 for he nearly died for the work of Christ,
risking his life to complete your service to me.
1. Sum up Philippians chapter two in a short phrase
2. What are some key words?
3. What verse would you call the “theme
verse”?
4. Who are three examples of the “mind of
Christ”?
5. What mental attributes are you determined to
demonstrate?
Theme
Verse: 13
[“Goal-oriented”]
Key
Word: Goal
1.
What is Paul’s exhortation? (Philippians 1:18; 2:17, 18, 28; 4:10)
2. What is the value of repetition?
PH3:1 Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write
the same things to you is not irksome to me, and is safe for you.
Philippians 3:2-4a -- True Circumcision
1. Who are the “dogs”? (Acts 15:1, 5)
2. True “circumcision” is evident by what? (Romans
2:27, 28; Colossians 2:11)
PH3:2
Look out for the dogs, look out for the evil-workers, look out for those who mutilate
the flesh. PH3:3 For we are the true circumcision, who worship God in
spirit, and glory in Christ Jesus, and put no confidence in the flesh. PH3:4a Though
I myself have reason for confidence in the flesh also.
3 For we are the true circumcision--we who
render to God a spiritual worship and make our boast in Christ Jesus and have no
confidence in outward ceremonies: 4 although I myself might have some excuse for
confidence in outward ceremonies.
1. How did Paul feel about his past? (1
Corinthians 11:22)
2. What was worth loosing everything for? (Luke
12:32, 33)
3. In what way was Paul righteous? (Galatians
2:16)
4. What did Paul want to share with Christ? (Romans
6:3-5)
PH3:4b
If any other man thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: PH3:5
circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a
Hebrew born of Hebrews; as to the law a Pharisee, PH3:6 as to zeal a persecutor of
the church, as to righteousness under the law blameless. PH3:7 But whatever
gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ. PH3:8 Indeed I count
everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For
his sake I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them as refuse [SKUBALA-4657],
in order that I may gain Christ PH3:9 and be found in him, not having a
righteousness of my own, based on law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the
righteousness from God that depends on faith; PH3:10 that I may know him and
the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his
death, PH3:11 that if possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead
[EXANASTASIN-1815].
8 Nay, I even reckon all things as pure loss
because of the priceless privilege of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. And for His sake I
have suffered the loss of everything, and reckon it all as mere refuse, in order that I
may win Christ and be found in union with Him, 9 not having a righteousness of my
own, derived from the Law, but that which arises from faith in Christ--the righteousness
which comes from God through faith. 10 I long to know Christ and the power which is
in His resurrection, and to share in His sufferings and die even as He died; 11 in
the hope that I may attain to the resurrection from among the dead.
1. Did Paul consider himself “perfect”?
2. What was the one thing Paul did? (Hebrews
12:1)
3. What was the prize to pursue? (Hebrews 3:1)
4. What “mind” should we have? (Philippians
2:5)
PH3:12
Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect; but I press on to make it
my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own. PH3:13 Brethren, I do not
consider that I have made it my own; but one thing I do, forgetting what lies behind and
straining forward to what lies ahead, PH3:14 I press on toward the goal for
the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus. PH3:15 Let those of us
who are mature be thus minded; and if in anything you are otherwise minded, God will
reveal that also to you. PH3:16 Only let us hold true to what we have
attained.
15 Therefore let all of us who are mature
believers cherish these thoughts; and if in any respect you think differently, that also
God will make clear to you. 16 But whatever be the point that we have already
reached, let us persevere in the same course.
1. Who should be our examples? (1 Corinthians
11:1)
2. What had happened to some Christians? (1 John
2:13)
3. Where are the “minds” of the enemy? (Romans
8:5; Colossians 3:2)
4. We wait for what two things? (1 Thessalonians
1:10; 1 Corinthians 15:50-52)
PH3:17
Brethren, join in imitating me, and mark those who so live as you have an example in
us. PH3:18 For many, of whom I have often told you and now tell you even
with tears, live as enemies of the cross of Christ. PH3:19 Their end is
destruction, their god is the belly, and they glory in their shame, with minds set on
earthly things. PH3:20 But our commonwealth [POLITEUMA-4175] is in
heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, PH3:21 who
will change [METASCHEMEMATISEI-3345] our
lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power which enables him even to subject
all things to himself..
1. Sum up Philippians chapter three in a short phrase
2. What are some key words?
3. What verse would you call the “theme
verse”?
4. What should we strive to put behind us?
5. What goals will you set for yourself?
Theme Verse: 7
[“Wholesome
Thinking”]
Key
word: Thinking
1. What does Paul encourage?
PH4:1
Therefore, my brethren, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, stand firm thus in
the Lord, my beloved.
1. Who were encouraged to “agree in the
Lord”?
2. Why were these women praised?
PH4:2
I entreat Eu-o'dia and I entreat Syn'tyche to agree in the Lord. PH4:3 And
I ask you also, true yokefellow, help these women, for they have labored side by side with
me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are
in the book of life.
1. What is encouraged for the second time?
2. How may pray help with anxiety?
3. What will keep hearts and minds?
PH4:4
Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. PH4:5 Let all men
know your forbearance. The Lord is at hand. PH4:6 Have no anxiety about
anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests
be made known to God. PH4:7 And the peace of God, which passes all
understanding, will keep your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
1. What are some things to think about?
2. What will assure the God of peace is with us?
PH4:8 Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable,
whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is
any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. PH4:9
What you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, do; and the God of peace
will be with you.
Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever wins respect, whatever is
just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovable, whatever is of good repute--if there is any
virtue or anything deemed worthy of praise--cherish the thought of these things. 9
The doctrines and the line of conduct which I taught you--both what you heard and what you
saw in me-- hold fast to them; and God who gives peace will be with you.
1. How do we show we are concerned about someone?
2. What had secret had Paul learned?
PH4:10
I rejoice in the Lord greatly that now at length you have revived your concern for me;
you were indeed concerned for me, but you had no opportunity. PH4:11 Not
that I complain of want; for I have learned, in whatever state I am, to be content. PH4:13
I know how to be abased, and I know how to abound; in any and all circumstances I have
learned the secret of facing plenty and hunger, abundance and want. I can do all things in
him who strengthens me.
1. How were these Christians Partners With Paul?
2. What is kind of sacrifice that pleases God?
3. How does God bless such giving?
PH4:14
Yet it was kind of you to share my trouble. PH4:15 And you Philippians
yourselves know that in the beginning of the gospel, when I left Macedo'nia, no church
entered into partnership with me in giving and receiving except you only; PH4:16
for even in Thessaloni'ca you sent me help once and again. PH4:17 Not
that I seek the gift; but I seek the fruit which increases to your credit. PH4:18
I have received full payment, and more; I am filled, having received from
Epaphrodi'tus the gifts you sent, a fragrant offering, a sacrifice acceptable and pleasing
to God. PH4:19 And my God will supply every need of yours according to his
riches in glory in Christ Jesus. PH4:20 To our God and Father be glory for
ever and ever. Amen.
1. How does Paul conclude his letter?
PH4:21
Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren who are with me greet you. PH4:22
All the saints greet you, especially those of Caesar's household. PH4:23 The
grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.
My Christian greetings to every one of God's people. The brethren who
are with me send their greetings. 22 All God's people here greet you--especially
the members of Caesar's household. 23 May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be
with your spirits.
1. Sum up Philippians chapter four in a short phrase
2. What are some key words?
3. What verse would you call the “theme
verse”?
4. What can guard mind and heart?
5. What point will you apply?
1. How would you briefly summarize
“Philippians”?
2. Name three things Paul encouraged?
3. What have you learned from “Philippians”?
==== END ====
====
END ====
[A regular
feature for the free expression of faith and belief.]
Words of Encouragement:
Last weekend I couldn't be at my computer much but I
spent it reading the whole June issue of the Friends of the Nazarene magazine. I
printed it out and while reading it, I looked up most of the scriptures while going
through it. How I savored every word of it! I want to emphasize the "Faith
perspectives" part too. The articles: "What is wrong with Christians today"
and " Why didn't you live my teachings more", and "Why didn't you love
more" really hit home with me!
Who ever sent in ....." The Carpenter" ....Thank you so very much! That was so
good! Anyway, for those who haven't read the latest June issue, I sure encourage you to do
it. I'm enriched. (smile) [Sister from Oregon]
***
Acquiring the mind of Christ is derived from an in-depth understanding of the scriptures. This outline format -- How to Understand the Bible -- is great. It facilitates remembering the main points of the scriptures, something not always easy to do in this rush rush world. Keep up the good work. [JW elder -- Northwest USA]
***
... your very readable, and, may I say, splendid
translation. By far the best I've seen yet. And, anyway, you can be sure I've read it
now---and the footnotes!
I'm hoping there's more to come. [England]
***
“Abomination
of Desolation”
I wanted to make a few expressions on one point in your
post when you say, "the abomination of desolation is not the same as the desolation
of Jerusalem." Let me give you a few reasons why I believe "the abomination of
desolation" does relate to the period of 66-70 and the oppression on Jerusalem.
1) The first reason is
that TO BDELYGMA TES EREMOSEOS in Matthew 24:15 and Mark 13:14 looks very much like a
quoted allusion to Daniel 9:27. Here is the Greek though the fonts may not transfer (so I
have also transliterated them).
Matthew ( Greek NT - Westcott & Hort )
24:15 otan oun idhte to bdelugma thV erhmwsewV to rhqen dia danihl tou profhtou
estoV en topw agiw o anaginwskwn noeitw
Above is the Greek text of Matthew 24:15 with the
phrase "the abomination of desolation" (KJV) in red [TO BDELYGMA TES EREMOSEOS].
I would like to suggest that this is a designation taken from Daniel 9:27 in the LXX. Here
is the Greek text of the Septuagint:
Daniel 9:27 -- to bdelugma twn erhmwsewn [TO BDELYGMA TON
EREMOSEON]
Daniel 9:26 gives the context in the desolation of
Jerusalem and her Temple: "And the city [of Jerusalem] and the Temple the people of a
[Roman] leader that is coming will bring to their ruin. And the end of it will be a
cataclysm. And until the conclusion [SYNTELEIAS] there will be war until the consummation
[SYNTELEIA] of desoloations." I also believe that the use of SYNTELEIAS here is the
source of the same at Matthew 24:3. (Compare Hebrews 9:26.)
2) My
second reason for applying "the abomination of desolation" to Jerusalem’s
desolation is Luke’s own inspired interpretation. Instead of using TO BDELGMA TES
EREMOSEOS as Matthew [and, Mark] Luke 21:20 uses just the word EREMOSIS:
"Furthermore, when YOU see Jerusalem surrounded by encamped armies, then know that
the desolating [EREMOSIS] of her has drawn near." It seems to me that Luke is clearly
referencing Matthew 24:15 and Mark 13:14 and thus applying Daniel 9:27 to the desolation
of Jerusalem.
3) My
second reason for applying Matthew 24:15 to Daniel 9:26, 27 is that the Book of
Revelation, written 30 years after Jerusalem’s desolation, makes no use of this Greek
phrase while referencing Daniel over four dozen times.
I do not mean by this that there is not another
application of these phrases in some manner whether one uses "double
fulfillment" or "type/anti-type." But, this is another subject for
discussion at another time.
So, in conclusion, I would suggest a couple things
about Matthew 24:
a) The apostles ask a multiple question amiss and
without understanding to the Nazarene who does not know the day and hour of these matters.
Matthew 24 may be generall divided into two or three sections:
1. Matthew 24:4-14 -- a warning to the apostles about
what to expect while not being misled by world events or false prophets.
2. Matthew 24:15-22 -- the desolation of Jerusalem and
the time of great oppression.
3. Matthew 24:23-28 -- a transition explaining factors
regarding the Parousia. Jesus does not know the exact length of time between these two.
Note from Daniel chapter 7 that many events must occur from the ruin of Rome to the rise
of the Small Horn and the deliverance of the Saints.
4. Matthew 24:29-25:46 -- the Parousia and Judgment
***
A POEM ON THE PASSION OF THE LORD
FORMERLY ASCRIBED TO
LACTANTIUS. [The early Church]
WHOEVER you are who approach, and are entering the
precincts of the middle of the temple, stop a little and look upon me, who, though
innocent, suffered for your crime; lay me up in your mind, keep me in your breast. I am He
who, pitying the bitter misfortunes of men, came hither as a messenger of offered peace,
and as a full atonement for the fault of men. Here the brightest light from above is
restored to the earth; here is the merciful image of safety; here I am a rest to you, the
right way, the true redemption, the banner of God, and a memorable sign of fate. It was on
account of you and your life that I entered the virgin's womb, was made man, and suffered
a dreadful death; nor did I find rest anywhere in the regions of the earth, but everywhere
threats, everywhere labours. First of all a wretched dwelling in the land of Judged was a
shelter for me at my birth, and for my mother with me: here first, amidst the outstretched
sluggish cattle, dry grass gave me a bed in a narrow stall. I passed my earliest years in
the Pharian regions, being an exile in the reign of Herod; and after my return to Judaea I
spent the rest of my years, always engaged in fastings, and the extremity of poverty
itself, and the lowest circumstances; always by healthful admonitions applying the minds
of men to the pursuit of genial uprightness, uniting with wholesome teaching many evident
miracles: on which account impious Jerusalem, harassed by the raging cares of envy and
cruel hatred, and blinded by madness, dared to seek for me, though innocent, by deadly
punishment, a cruel death on the dreadful cross.
And if you yourself wish to discriminate these things
more fully, and if it delights you to go through all my groans, and to experience griefs
with me, put together the designs and plots, and the impious price of my innocent blood;
and the pretended kisses of a disciple, and the insults and strivings of the cruel
multitude; and, moreover, the blows, and tongues prepared for accusations. Picture to your
mind both the witnesses, and the accursed judgment of the blinded Pilate, and the immense
cross pressing my shoulders and wearied back, and my painful steps to a dreadful death.
Now survey me from head to foot, deserted as I am, and
lifted up afar from my beloved mother. Behold and see my locks clotted with blood, and my
blood-stained neck under my very hair, and my head drained with cruel thorns, and pouring
down like rain from all sides a stream of blood over my divine face. Survey my compressed
and sightless eyes, and my afflicted cheeks; see my parched tongue poisoned with gall, and
my countenance pale with death. Behold my hands pierced with nails, and my arms drawn out,
and the great wound in my side; see the blood streaming from it, and my perforated feet,
and blood-stained limbs. Bend your knee, and with lamentation adore the venerable wood of
the cross, and with lowly countenance stooping to the earth, which is wet with innocent
blood, sprinkle it with rising tears, and at times bear me and my admonitions in your
devoted heart. Follow the footsteps of my life, and while you look upon my torments and
cruel death, remembering my innumerable pangs of body and soul, learn to endure hardships,
and to watch over your own safety.
These memorials, if at any time you find pleasure in
thinking over them, if in your mind there is any confidence to bear anything like my
suffer ings), if the piety due, and gratitude worthy of my labours shall arise, will be
incitements to true virtue, and they will be shields against the snares of an enemy,
aroused by which you will be safe, and as a conqueror bear off the palm in every contest.
If these memorials shall turn away your senses, which are devoted to a perishable world,
from the fleeting shadow of earthly beauty, the result will be, that you will not venture,
enticed by empty hope, to trust the frail enjoyments of fickle fortune, and to place your
hope in the fleeting years of life.
But, truly, if you thus regard this perishable world,
and through your love of a better country deprive yourself of earthly riches and the
enjoyment of present things, the prayers of the pious will bring you up in sacred habits,
and in the hope of a happy life, amidst severe punishments, will cherish you with heavenly
dew, and feed you with the sweetness of the promised good. Until the great favour of God
shall recall your happy" soul to the heavenly regions, your body being left after the
fates of death. Then freed from all labour, then joyfully beholding the angelic choirs,
and the blessed companies of saints in perpetual bliss, it shall reign with me in the
happy abode of perpetual peace.
==== END ====
•
BIBLE READING LESSONS: A new
program has began this summer. A Bible reading lessons program for use in Friends
Devotional Bible Discussions as been preprared. It involves a program of Bible reading
with the purpose of learning and memorizing key words and subjects in the Bible and where
to locate them easily. With this issue of Friends magazine we include the example
of the Letter to the Philippians. Small groups throughout the world meet for weekly
devotional discussions of the Bible. Some use Bible reading while others prefer using a
publication as the general outline for study and discussion.
•
DANIEL THE PROPHET: A new
rendering of the Prophet Daniel has been completed. It is a footnote commentary
on certain portions of Daniel, particularly chapters 2, 7, 8, 9, and 12. It is a
fine complimentary to Nazarene Apocalypse and the commentary on Revelation. A
sample using Daniel 2:44 and Daniel 7:13 are presented above.
•
TALK-LIST FRIENDS OF THE NAZARENE: A new talk-list has been made available for moderated
messages and discussions. Stop by and express yourself.
•
CHRISTIAN BELIEVERS EASTERN CONFERENCE: Here is information on the Internet: http://www.cmfellowship.org/docs/conferences.htm -- The 90th Christian Believers' Conference --
Theme, Ephesians 6:18: "Praying always
with all prayer" Gordon College Campus Wenham, Massachusetts August 5th - 8th 1999.
Accommodations: Bert & Faye Collins, 176 Rockport Rd. Port Murray, NJ 07865 (908)
852-8951
•
21st
CENTURY VERSION OF THE CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURES: Several
books of the Christian Bible have been prepared in new translations/renderings with
footnote commentaries. With the exception of Matthew and Revelation these
are presented in two versions: literal and paraphrase. The literal version is then
presented with footnotes on all key words and phrases. Greek words of interest are
examined. The versions are compared to a total of two dozen other translations. See Matthew,
Ephesians, Second Peter, First John, Revelation on the Friends web page.
•
JUDE: An interlinear
version of the Greek text of the letter of Jude has been post on the web page. There is
also a literal translation with footnote commentary.
•
ROMANS -- CHAPTER BY CHAPTER: A
new rendering of Paul’s epistle to the Romans is being added to the web page
-- chapter by chapter. Presently there are seven chapters currently online. This contains
first an interlinear version with the Greek text. Then a literal translation follows with
footnote commeary. There is a summary to each paragraph as well as review questions. Each
chapter and paragraph has a topic heading.
==== END ====
1TH4:13
But we would not have you ignorant, brethren, concerning those who are asleep,[1] that you may not grieve as others do who have no hope. 1TH4:14 For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again,[2] even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him[3] those who have fallen asleep. 1TH4:15 For this we declare to you by the word of the Lord,[4] that we who are alive,[5] who are left until the coming of the Lord,[6] shall not precede those who have fallen asleep.[7] 1TH4:16 For the Lord himself will descend from heaven[8] with a cry of command,[9] with the archangel's call,[10] and with the sound of the trumpet of God.[11] And the dead in Christ will rise first;[12] 1TH4:17 then we who are alive, who are left,[13] shall be caught up[14] together with them[15] in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air;[16] and so we shall always be with the Lord.[17] 1TH4:18 Therefore comfort one another with these words.[18](Weymouth) 13 Now,
concerning those who from time to time pass away, we would not have you to be ignorant,
brethren, lest you should mourn as others do who have no hope. 14 For if we believe
that Jesus has died and risen again, we also believe that, through Jesus, God will bring
with Him those who shall have passed away. 15 For this we declare to you on the
Lord's own authority--that we who are alive and continue on earth until the Coming of the
Lord, shall certainly not forestall those who shall have previously passed away. 16 For
the Lord Himself will come down from Heaven with a loud word of command, and with an
archangel's voice and the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 Afterwards
we who are alive and are still on earth will be caught up in their company amid clouds to
meet the Lord in the air. 18 And so we shall be with the Lord for ever. Therefore
encourage one another with these words.
(Young) 13 And I do not wish you to
be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who have fallen asleep, that ye may not sorrow, as
also the rest who have not hope, 14 for if we believe that Jesus died and rose
again, so also God those asleep through Jesus he will bring with him, 15 for this
to you we say in the word of the Lord, that we who are living--who do remain over to the
presence of the Lord--may not precede those asleep, 16 because the Lord himself, in
a shout, in the voice of a chief-messenger, and in the trump of God, shall come down from
heaven, and the dead in Christ shall rise first, 17 then we who are living, who are
remaining over, together with them shall be caught away in clouds to meet the Lord in air,
and so always with the Lord we shall be; 18 so, then, comfort ye one another in
these words.
==== END ====
[PART
FOUR: GOODNESS]
GOODNESS - ACTIVE BENEFICENCE
“Jesus made answer and
said, A certain
man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho; and he fell among robbers, who both stripped
him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead.
And by chance a certain priest was going down that way: and when he saw him, he
passed by on the other side. And in like
manner a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came
where he was: and when he saw him, he was moved with compassion, and came to him, and bound up
his wounds, pouring on them oil and wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him
to an inn, and took care of him. And on the
morrow he took out two shillings, and gave them to the host, and said, Take care of him;
and whatsoever thou spendest more, I, when I come back again, will repay thee. Which of these three, thinkest thou, proved
neighbor unto him that fell among the robbers? And he said, He that showed mercy on him. And
Jesus said unto him, Go, and do
thou likewise.” (Luke 10:30-37, ASV)
In this parable, we see active
beneficence. When a brother sees another
brother hungry and feeds him, this is certainly kindness (chrestotes), but
when one who is hated, considered a rival, and is viewed as a reproach by the Jewish
masses, extends himself as this Samaritan did, and helps a complete stranger, (who, based
on Jesus’ mentioning of a priest and a Levite, may very well have been a Jew
himself), this is “goodness” (agathosune). Again, it is more “active” or more
“aggressive” than chrestotes, which in turn is more
“active” or “aggressive” than “kindness” as we understand it
in the English. This truly was a
“good” Samaritan!
Concerning agathosune (goodness), Easton’s Bible Dictionary states, “In man is not a mere passive quality, but the deliberate preference of right to wrong, the firm and persistent resistance of all moral evil, and the choosing and following of all moral good.” [Bold mine for emphasis]
The Complete Word Study
Dictionary also states, “Agathosune does
not spare sharpness and rebuke to cause good (agathon) in others. A person may display his agathosune, his
zeal for goodness and truth, in rebuking, correcting, or chastising. Christ’s righteous indignation in the temple
(Matt 21:13) showed His agathosune, goodness, but not His chrestotes,
gentleness.”
This aspect of agathosune
(goodness) is alluded to by Paul in his letter to the Roman believers: “And I
myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness,
filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.” (Romans 15:14, KJV)
Paul’s statement to the
Ephesian brethren appropriately sums up the matter: “For the fruit of the Spirit
is in all goodness [agathosune]and righteousness and truth; Proving what is
acceptable unto the Lord. And have no
fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.” (Ephesians 5:9-11, KJV)
THE QUALITY OF FAITH - CONVICTION PERSONIFIED
In the Hebrew Scriptures there
are primarily three words (emuwn, emunah, and ’aman)
which are commonly translated “faith, faithful, faithfully, faithfulness, believe, or
believed.” One of the first occurrences
of one of these words, ’aman, is at Genesis 15:6, and is used in
reference to Abraham: “And he believed in Jehovah; and he reckoned it to
him for righteousness.” (ASV)
Throughout the scriptures,
Abraham shines forth as a continuous example of “faith.” Paul mentions at Galatians 5:22 that faith is a
product of the Spirit. The question is, does
God require that we all have the same level of faith as Abraham, whereby we would
without question, be ready to sacrifice our own child if God so commanded? (Genesis 22:1-18)
Certainly prayer, bible study,
fellowship, and exercising daily, what level of faith we already do have, helps our
faith to grow from day to day, and this is imperative because of what the scriptures say
about faith:
“For by grace have ye
been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God.” (Ephesians 2:8, ASV)
And elsewhere, “But
now apart from the law a righteousness of God hath been manifested, being witnessed by the
law and the prophets; even the righteousness
of God through faith in Jesus Christ unto all them that believe; for
there is no distinction; for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God; being
justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: whom God set
forth to be a propitiation, through faith, in his blood, to show his
righteousness because of the passing over of the sins done aforetime, in the forbearance
of God; for the showing, I say, of his righteousness at this present season: that he might
himself be just, and the justifier of him that hath faith in Jesus.” (Romans 3:21-26, ASV)
This phrase “through
faith” is used in a number of other references. For example:
Romans 3:30 “if so be that God is one, and he shall
justify the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through faith.”
(ASV)
Galatians 2:16 “yet knowing that a man is not justified
by the works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we believed
on Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of
the law: because by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.” (ASV)
Galatians 3:26 “For ye are all sons of God, through
faith, in Christ Jesus.” (ASV)
Colossians 2:12 “having been buried with him in baptism,
wherein ye were also raised with him through faith in the working of God,
who raised him from the dead.” (ASV)
2 Timothy 3:15 “And that from a babe thou hast known the
sacred writings which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith
which is in Christ Jesus.” (ASV)
Hebrews 6:12 “that ye be not sluggish, but imitators of
them who through faith and patience inherit the promises.” (ASV)
1 Peter 1:5 “who by the power of God are guarded through
faith unto a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.” (ASV)
In reading the New Testament,
it becomes self-evident that we are all of varying degrees of faith. For example, Romans 14 speaks of the
“believer” who is “weak in faith,” (see Romans 14:1-4),
yet is nonetheless still a “believer.” In
1 Corinthians 12, Paul speaks
of an exceptional faith which he describes as a “gift” that some have, while
others possess different “gifts.”
So, what is Paul the “apostle
of the Gentiles” i.e. the “apostle of the nations” (Romans
11:13), referring to at Galatians 5:22? Some
translations, such as the American Standard Version, the New International Version, the
Good News Bible, the New King James Version, the Jewish New Testament, the Amplified
Bible, the New American Standard Bible, the New American Bible, the New Revised Standard
Version, and even the Interlinear KJV-NIV Parallel New Testament in Greek and English
by Alfred Marshall, render the Greek word psitis as “faithfulness”
rather than “faith.”
Using the suffix
“-ness” helps to describe “quality, state, or condition,” which, in
essence, is what Paul is describing at Galatians 5:22-23 when he speaks of fruit.
He is describing the quality,
state, or condition of the individual in whom the Father’s spirit dwells. This person, by his thoughts, words, and deeds,
exhibits a confidence in God and his promises. This
manifestation becomes evident in the individual’s interaction with others. Some translations have thus rendered the Greek
word psitis at Galatians 5:22, as “loyalty” and
“fidelity.”
“Now faith is
assurance of things hoped for, a conviction of things not seen.” (Hebrews 11:1, KJV)
It is being confident of something hoped for, and responding as if there is
concrete proof, even though that which is promised is not yet seen!
One who is obedient to Rabbi
Jesus the Messiah, and to the words of his holy apostles, will exhibit the
“faithfulness” Paul mentions is a product of God’s spirit. For example, when one refuses to look on someone
of the opposite sex to lust after them because of Jesus’ word (Matthew 5:28), he or
she is actually exhibiting faithfulness. When
one does not set themselves against one that is evil, and turns the other cheek (Matthew
5:39), he also is exhibiting faithfulness. When
one loves his enemy and prays for those who persecute him (Matthew 5:44), he is exhibiting
faithfulness. Simply stated, these are things
that cannot be done consistently without the power of the holy spirit. If a person both fears God and loves God, and has
complete confidence, i.e. “faith” in his righteous judgments, and in the fact that he will fulfill all of his
promises, he or she can consistently exhibit faithfulness with God and fellow man.
At this juncture, it would be
profitable to review exactly what was the hope and common faith of the first
century Christians. For it is evident that we
should be of the same faith and hope. To do
this, we must again turn our attention to “father“ Abraham. As previously asked, is everyone in whom the
Father’s spirit dwells, expected to come to the point where he or she, can without
questioning, sacrifice their own child?
Perhaps Paul, in mentioning
faithfulness, is referring to a person who is of the same conviction as the great cloud of
witnesses before them - the conviction or belief that God exists and is the creator and
ruler of all things, that now Jesus is Messiah and Lord, and that God raised him up, and
that God is the bestower of eternal salvation through his Messiah, Jesus. Perhaps Paul is referring to a person who is
convinced that God is a keeper of all he has promised, including his promise to Abraham
and his seed. Perhaps Paul is referring to a
person who is convinced of all these things and manifests his or her faith in their
everyday dealings with God and with man.
Let’s take a look at
Jehovah’s statement to Abram: “And Jehovah said unto Abram, after that Lot
was separated from him, Lift up now thine eyes, and look from the place where thou art,
northward and southward and eastward and westward: for all the land which thou seest, to
thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever. And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth:
so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then may thy seed also be numbered. Arise, walk through the land in the length
of it and in the breadth of it; for unto thee will I give it.” (Genesis 13:14-17, ASV)
Notice that the promise made
to Abraham included land. This was
emphasized by God as he commanded Abram, “Arise, walk through the land in the
length of it and in the breadth of it; for unto thee will I give it.”
Abraham had the conviction
that the reward of his faith, was the fulfilled promise of possessing the very land he saw
and walked through the length of and the breadth of.
Simply stated, God’s promise to Abraham guaranteed him perpetual ownership of
an extremely large portion of the earth.
“And I will establish
my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for
an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed
after thee, the land of thy sojournings, all the land of Canaan,
for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.” (Genesis 17:7-8, ASV)
Notice that the promise made
to Abraham became the basis of a covenant. It
included specifically the land in which he was dwelling, the land of Canaan. Just as Adam and Eve were placed in the garden of
Eden, and God gave them to have dominion over the entire earth, to be fruitful, multiply,
and to replenish the earth, Abraham and his seed would make a fresh start of the earth.
“And God said, Let us
make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the
sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and
over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and
female created he them. And God blessed them,
and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it:
and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every
living thing that moveth upon the earth.” (Genesis
1:26-28, ASV)
It is important to keep in
mind that aside from a small piece of land for burial, Abraham has not yet received the
fulfillment of the promise. It is evident
that he will have to be raised from the dead for that!
Also, for it to be an everlasting possession, he and his seed will have to
live perpetually!
The promise to Abraham of
possessing the land eternally, to this day is the hope of Israel, and was the hope of the
first century Christians. Unfortunately,
Israel as a nation, (and Christians, for that matter,
who do not exercise their own faith), cannot receive the fulfillment of the
promise without placing their faith in Messiah Jesus, for it is he who is the promised
Seed.
“Now to Abraham and
his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but
as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.”
(Galatians 3:16 , KJV)
“For ye are all sons
of God, through faith, in Christ Jesus. For
as many of you as were baptized into Christ did put on Christ. There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be
neither bond nor free, there can be no male and female; for ye all are one man in
Christ Jesus. And if ye are Christ's,
then are ye Abraham's seed, heirs according to promise.” (Galatians 3:26-29, ASV)
Romans 12:5 “so we, who are many, are one body
in Christ, and severally members one of another.”
(ASV)
1 Corinthians 12:12 “For as the body is one, and hath many
members, and all the members of the body, being many, are one body;
so also is Christ.” (ASV)
