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Nazarene Commentary 2000©

21^st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© –
21^st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures© [NCMM]

THE PROPHET ISAIAH

CHAPTER ONE:
ISRAEL INDICTED

Isaiah 1:1 – Isaiah’s Vision

IS1:1 The vision 1 [son of Amoz] saw regarding Judah and Jerusalem 2 during the days 3 of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah – kings of Judah.

1

Isaiah: The name is drawn from the Greek LXX version, HSAIAS. The Hebrew name is YESHA’EYA’HU and means “Salvation of Yehowah.” The word “salvation” occurs about 27 times in Isaiah His name occurs elsewhere in the Christian Scriptures. [See 2 Kings chapters 19, 20; Matthew 3:3; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:14; 15:7; Romans 9:27, 29; 10:16, 20; 15:12] In the book Of Isaiah there are primarily two speakers: Yehowah and Isaiah. When it is Isaiah this occurs in brackets. There is a complete and comprehensive reference on all verses from the New Testament in Nazarene Commentary 2000© [21st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures].

2

Regarding Judah and Jerusalem: The main object of this vision is directed to the nation of Israel. Enemy peoples are also addressed. Two themes involve Israel: destruction and restoration. Some commentators make very wide application of Isaiah, but it is clear that the vast bulk is applied to Israel in both her destruction and restoration. Isaiah is quoted and alluded to a number of times by Jesus the Nazarene and Paul. When these occur the words or phrases are italicized blue followed by the source in brackets. [See Isaiah 1:9 as the first example.] When such inspired applications or interpretations are made by Jesus or Paul these may be the basis of another application to the Church or Gospel Age.

3	During the days of: The range of years of these kings occur about the years 778-732 BC. Research the names of these kings for more details.

Isaiah 1:2, 3 – Israel’s Rebellion

IS1:2 Y^eH^oW^aH 4 says: “Listen, O heavens, and give ear, O earth. 5 I have raised and reared children, 6 And they have rebelled against Me. 7

4

YeHoWaH: The Divine Name [Noma Sagrada] is called the tetragrammaton and includes the four consonants YHWH. In some languages these are converted to JHVH. The present “vowel points” were added by Jewish rabbis about the 9th Century. Though most often YHWH is vowel pointed with EOA [Yehowah] in some places these vary. [Yehwah, Yahweh, Yehowih, etc.(see notes on Genesis 2:4 in the Nazarene Commentary – 21st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© (NCMM)] When a text outside of Isaiah is given it is recommended this be compared in the 21st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures©. YHWH occurs with the rabbinical vowel points. Some may wish to pronounce YHWH as Jehovah in English, others prefer Yahweh. The Jews in the days of Jesus did not pronounce the Name but used ADONAY [Lord] or ELOHIM [God] in its place. For details see the book Nazarene Principles 2000(c). Where the Name occurs in the Christian Bible YHWH are used and may be pronounced as the reader is moved.

5	Heaven… earth: This address occurs often and is a figure of speech for everyone involved to pay attention. “Heaven” may be used of rulers, and “earth” of people in general.

6

I have raised and reared children: Or, Rotherham’s Emphasized Bible [RHM]: sons I have brought up; Tanakh by the Jewish Publication Society [JPS]: I reared children and brought them up; Septuagint by Bagster [LXX]: I have begotten and reared up children. [Deuteronomy 1:31] This version draws from both the Hebrew Text as well as the Jewish Greek Version of the 3rd Century BC known as the Septuagint [LXX]. Israel have been compared to sons or children throughout its history, however, the use of “Father” is rare. On raising children see Ephesians 6:1 in Nazarene Commentary 2000(c) or the work Commentary On Romans. There is counsel in Proverbs on the rearing of children.

7	And they have rebelled against Me: Or, LXX footnote: “set me at nought”. [Deuteronomy 4:25]The lesson in Isaiah is that even children of God who rebel will suffer the Father’s punishment and correction.

IS1:3 An ox knows its owner, 8 and a jackass his master’s barn. Israel does not know. 9 My people give no consideration.” 10

8	An ox knows its owner: Hebrew poetry rhymes in thought parallels. The first phrase is amplified or contrasted with the second thought packet. Here the ox and the jackass [ass, donkey, mule] are used to illustrate the contrast between God’s children and obedient farm animals. [Hosea 4:6]

9	Israel does not know: Or, LXX: know me. [Deuteronomy 32:28]

10	No consideration: LXX: not regard me; JPS: takes no thought; RHM: doth not know. In the Greek LXX the word is EGNO and may refer to the knowledge of someone or something, or suggest some kind of relationship. See Genesis 4:1.

Isaiah 1:4-9 – A Sick Nation

IS1:4 [Isaiah speaks:] Woe! A nation habitually sinning, 11 a people loaded with error, 12 a seed practicing wickedness, 13 children behaving immorally! 14 They have all forsaken 15 Y^eH^oW^aH, despising 16 the Holy One 17 of Israel. They are apostates who have backslid. 18

11

A nation habitually sinning: LXX: sinful nation; RHM: committing sin. [Daniel 9:11; Acts 7:51] Sin is defined as transgression of law. [1 John 3:4] It is also called “unrighteousness.” [1 John 5:17] Types or degrees of sin may be called wickedness, evil or iniquity. Most often these involve harming others. On “sin” see notes in Romans chapters 3-7.

12

A people loaded with error: Or, LXX: a people full of sin; JPS: people laden with iniquity; RHM: burdened with iniquity. See notes on Romans chapter 3. This is not the case of a righteous person struggling against a sin, but rather those “loaded with error” and thus habitual sinners. On the sins of the Jews see Romans 1:18-32.

13	A seed practicing wickedness: Or, LXX: an evil seed; JPS: brood of evildoers; RHM: practicing wickedness. [Numbers 32:14]

14	Children behaving immorally: Or, LXX: lawless children; JPS: depraved children; RHM: sons – acting corruptible. [Micah 7:2]

15	Forsaken: Or, New Jerusalem Bible [NJB]: abandoned. [Deuteronomy 31:16; 1 Corinthians 10:22]

16	Despising: Or, JPS: spurned.

17	Holy One: In the LXX the Greek is HAGION which is rendered “Saint” elsewhere.

18	They are apostates who have backslid: Or, RHM: are estranged and gone back; JPS: spurned… turned their backs; NJB: abandoned… turn away from him. [Psalm 58:3; Romans 8:7]

IS1:5 Why should you to be beaten even more? 19

19

Why should you to be beaten even more: That is, “what is the point of discipline you any more?” [Jeremiah 2:30; 5:3] Or, LXX: why should ye be smitten any more; JPS: why do you seek further beatings; NJB: where will I strike you next? God will beat his children to discipline them. Compare Hebrews 12:4-11. [See corporal punishment in Proverbs.]

You would continue to turn away! 20 The entire head is ill, 21 and the whole heart fails. 22

20	You would continue to turn away: That is, “you would just refuse to respond.” [Jeremiah 9:3] Or, LXX: transgressing more and more; JPS: that you continue to offend; RHM: ye would again turn aside.

21	The entire head is ill: Or, LXX: the whole head is pained; JPS: every head is ailing; RHM: the whole head is ill; NJB: sick. [Nehemiah 9:34; Daniel 9:8] The language and figures of speech indicate the degree of deviation from Yehowah.

22	The whole heart fails: Or, LXX: whole heart sad; JPS: every heart is sick; RHM: the whole heart faint; NJB: diseased.

IS1:6 From the sole of the foot all the way to the top of the head 23 There is not a single healthy spot. 24 Bruises and contusions and open wounds 25 – they have not been treated, nor bandaged or soothed with oil. 26

23	Sole of the foot all the way to the top of the head: Or, JPS: from head to toe.

24	Not a single healthy spot: Or, LXX: there is no soundness in them; JPS: no spot is sound; RHM: there is in it no soundness.

25	Bruises and contusions and open wounds: Or, RHM: bruise and stripe and newly-made wound; JPS: all bruises, and welts, and festering sores; LXX: festering ulcer; NJB: open sores.

26	Not been treated, nor bandaged or soothed with oil: Or, RHM: they have not been pressed out, nor bound up, nor soothed with oil; JPS: softened with oil; LXX: it is not possible to apply a plaster, nor oil, nor bandages. See the Good Samaritan’s treatment of the mugged Jew. [Luke 10:34]

IS1:7 Your country is completely desolate. 27 Your cities are consumed by fire. As you watch, 28 your farm land is devoured by foreigners. 29 It is a total devastation overthrown by foreigners.

27	Your country is completely desolate: Or, RHM: your country – is a desolation; JPS: your land is a waste. This is the predicted state that will yet occur in the future. Compare the curse of Moses on the Israelites if they failed to obey God’s Law. [Deuteronomy chapter 28]

28	As you watch: Or, RHM: right before your eyes; LXX: in your presence. Indicating their helplessness before the enemy.

29	Foreigners: Mostly these turn out to be Assyrians and Babylonians.

IS1:8 Now the daughter of Zion is abandoned 30 – like a worker’s shack 31 in the vineyard – like a shelter in a plot of melons 32 – like a city under siege. 33

30	Daughter of Zion is abandoned: Or, JPS: fair Zion left; LXX: deserted. “Daughter” is a figure of speech referring to the citizens of Israel, particular the inhabitants of Jerusalem with her surrounded villages.

31	Worker’s shack: Or, RHM: hut; JPS: booth; LXX: tent. The abandonment of Israel is compared to the makeshift temporary shelter out in the fields. It may also describe the temporary dwellings of those who cities have been destroyed.

32	A shelter in a plot of melons: Or, RHM: lodge in a gourd-plot; JPS: hut in a cucumber field; LXX: storehouse. Likely rotten produce, so we can imagine the stench and pesty insects.

33	A city under siege: Or, JPS: beleaguered.

IS1:9 Had Y^eH^oW^aH not left us a tiny remnant 34we would have become just like Sodom. 35 We would have looked exactly like Gomorrah. [Romans 9:27-29]

34

A tiny remnant: Or, RHM: very small remnant; JPS: some survivors; LXX: a seed. The Greek LXX is SPERMA. Paul quotes this verse at Romans 9:29 and applies it to the Jewish remnant who accepted Jesus the Nazarene as the Messiah. This may indicate that some portions of Isaiah may have more than one fulfillment or application.

35	Like Sodom: That is, “a people completely eradicated and made extinct.” [Genesis 19:24] Note that in Revelation 11:8 Babylon the Great is compared to Sodom and Jerusalem. Though a remnant is saved, those not saved will become like Sodom. [Compare Matthew 25:31-46]

Isaiah 1:10-15 – Worthless Religion

IS1:10 [Isaiah:] Now listen to the Word 36 of Y^eH^oW^aH, all you rulers 37 of Sodom – hear the law of our God, all you people 38 of Gomorrah.

36	Word: Or, RHM: instruction. The LXX Greek is LOGON.

37	Rulers: Or, princes, chieftains. That is, the religious hierarchy and political leaders. The “heavens” of verse 2.

38	You people: The “earth” of verse 2.

IS1:11 For Y^eH^oW^aH says:

“Of what use 39 to Me are the whole number of your sacrifices? I have had enough of your burnt-offerings of rams 40 and the fat of well-fed animals! I take no pleasure in the blood of bulls, lambs and goats!

39	Of what use: Or, JPS: what need; LXX: value. Any religion with its sacrifices or formal worship is useless if the power of such is ignored and resisted.

40	I have had enough of your burnt-offerings of rams: Or, LXX: I am full of; NJB: I am sick of’; JPS: I am sated with. Compare Hosea 6:6. God expresses His ultimate view of animal sacrifices, something to become “obsolete” with the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. [Hebrews 8:13]

IS1:12 When you approach Me 41 – walking in My temple-courtyards 42 – who asks for these [sacrifices]?

41	When you approach Me: Or, NJB: when you come and present yourselves before me; JPS: you come to appear before Me; RHM: when ye enter to see my face. That is, approaching the Temple to offer come animal sacrifices.

42	Walking in My temple-courtyards: Or, RHM: trampling my courts; NJB: trampling through my courts; LXX: ye shall no more tread my court.

IS1:13 No more will you bring worthless offerings! 43 Incense smoke is disgusting to Me! Your new moon 44 and Sabbath 45 and holy conventions – I cannot stand sinfulness along with solemn assemblies!

43	Worthless offerings: Or, empty present; NJB: futile cereal offerings; JPS: bringing oblations is futile; LXX: an abomination.

44	New moon: The Hebrew calendar was lunar and the new moon was the first of the month. Compare Colossians 2:16, 17.

45	Sabbath: Primarily that day beginning Friday at sundown to Saturday at sundown. God may express His dissatisfaction with such an observance. Compare Colossians 2:16, 17.

IS1:14 My very Being 46 hates your new moons and seasonal festivals. I am too tired to carry such burdens. 47 I hide my eyes from you when spread your palms.

46	My very Being: Literally, “my soul.” The Hebrew is NEPHESH and the Greek PSYCHE, both meaning breath or wind – an invisible pressure. For details on “soul” see the Biblical Article Where Are The Dead?

47	I am too tired to carry such burdens: Or, LXX: ye have become loathsome to me; RHM: they have become unto me a burden I am too weary to bear; NJB: a burden I am tired of bearing; JPS: fill me with loathing.

IS1:15 For a certainty I do not listen to your multitude of prayers. 48Your hands are blood-guilty! 49

48	Multitude of prayers: Or, JPS: though you pray at length; NJB: multiply your prayers; LXX: many supplications. Some religions have invented prayer wheels and prayer flags to repeat written prayers. Jesus condemned the Jews and the non-Jews for their repetitious prayers. [Matthew 6:7]

49	Blood-guilty: Or, LXX: your hands are full of blood; JPS: stained with crime; RHM: with deeds of blood; NJB: covered in blood. The blood-guilty cannot expect their prayers to be heard. Compare Paul’s words at Acts 20:26.

Isaiah 1:16-20 – Cleanse Yourselves! [YHWH Continues]

IS1:16 “Wash yourselves and cleanse yourselves! 50 Remove the hurtfulness of your dealings 51 from before My eyes! Stop doing evil! 52

50	Cleanse yourselves: Or, NJB: wash, make yourselves clean; RHM: wash you, make you clean; JPS: wash yourselves clean; LXX: wash you, be clean. Compare 2 Corinthians 7:1. In order to be accepted and approved by God sins must be abandoned and there must be a serious effort to become spiritually clean.

51

Remove the hurtfulness of your dealings: Or, LXX: cease from your iniquities; JPS: put your evil doings away; RHM: put away the wickedness of your doings; NJB: take your wrong-doing out of my sight. Wickedness is usually that which hurts others, or that which refuses to do good to others. Verse 17 lists some examples.

52	Stop doing evil: Or, NJB: cease doing evil; LXX: cease from your iniquities. Before God approves or forgives someone, they must desist the practice of evil.

IS1:17 Learn to do good! 53 Seek justice! 54 Rebuke the ruthless! 55 Judge the orphan with fairness! 56 Fight for the rights of the widow!” 57

53

Learn to do good: Or, LXX: learn to do well. Goodness to others can be learned. Essentially it involves thinking less of self and more of others. Righteousness may be defined by that which keeps the law. While good may be defined as that which goes beyond law in seeking the best for others. It is the engine that runs love. On goodness see Galatians 5:22; Ephesians 5:9; James 3:16, 17; 1 Peter 2:14, 15, 18, 20; 3:6, 10, 11, 13, 17.

54	Seek justice: Or, NJB: search for justice; JPS: devote yourselves to justice; LXX: diligently seek judgment. [Micah 6:8] It has the meaning of dealing fairly and honestly with others.

55	Rebuke the ruthless: Or, LXX: deliver him that is suffering wrong; JPS: aid the wronged; RHM: correct the oppressor [ftn: set right the ruthless]; NJB: discipline the violent. [Proverbs 31:9]

56	Judge the orphan with fairness: Or, NJB: be just to the orphan; RHM: vindicate the fatherless; JPS: uphold the rights of orphans; LXX: plead for the orphan. True religion is that which cares for orphans and widows. [Jeremiah 22:3; James 1:27]

57	Fight for the rights of the widow: Or, LXX: obtain justice for the widow; JPS: defend the cause of the widow; RHM: plead the cause of the widow. [Deu 10:18] Compare Job 22:9; 24:21; 27:15; 29:13; 31:16]

IS1:18 Y^eH^oW^aH says: “I urge you to come forward, and let us settle this disagreement. 58 Even if your sins are like scarlet, 59 they will become white as snow. Even if they are crimson-red, they will become white as wool.

58	Let us settle this disagreement: Or, NJB: let us talk this over; RHM: settle the dispute; JPS: let us reach an understanding; LXX: let us reason together. [Isaiah 43:26] God is willing to solve the problem with His people through dialogue. Compare Romans 12:1.

59	Scarlet: Or, LXX: purple; JPS: crimson. Compare Psalm 32.

IS1:19 If you are willing and listen, 60 you will eat the land’s goodness.

60	If you are willing and listen: Or, NJB: willing to obey; JPS: agree and give heed; KJV: willing and obedient. Forgiveness follows an obedient ear manifest in turning away from sin. Jesus taught the same. [Revelation 2:11]

IS1:20 But if you refuse and become rebellious, 61you will executed with the sword,” 62 for the very mouth of Y^eH^oW^aH has spoken.

61	Refuse and become rebellious: Or, LXX: if ye be not willing, nor hearken to me; KJV: refuse and rebel; JPS: refuse and disobey. [Proverbs 29:1]

62	Executed with the sword: Or, NJB: sword will eat you instead; RHM: with the sword shall ye be devoured.

Isaiah 1:21-23 – Jerusalem a Whore! [Isaiah Speaks]

IS1:21 O how that faithful city Zion has become a whore! 63 Once she was filled with justice, 64 righteous dwelt within her – but now only murderers. 65

63

Whore: Or, LXX: harlot; RHM: become unchaste. The figure of speech is used in Ezekiel 16:22. Compare the book of Hosea. [James 4:4] The LXX Greek is PORNE which is rooted in “buy” and refers to a prostitute though the meaning is enlarged to include sexual immorality in general. See notes on Galatians 5:19.

64	Justice: The word is paralleled with “righteousness” and this word in Hebrew and Greek may also mean “justice.”

65	Murderers: Or, NJB: assassins.

IS1:22 Your silver has corroded. 66 Your wine diluted with water. 67

66	Your silver has corroded: Or, LXX: your silver is worthless; KJV: become dross. Compare Matthew 6:19, 20.

67	Your wine diluted with water: Also, beer, liquor. Or, NJB: watered; RHM: weakened with water; JPS: cut with water; KJV: mixed with; LXX: thine merchants mix the wine with water. [Hosea 4:18]

IS1:23 Your rulers are obstinate 68 and associate with thieves. 69 All of her people love bribes and chase after gifts. 70

68	Your rulers are obstinate: Or, LXX: thy princes are rebellious; JPS: are rogues; RHM: unruly; NJB: rebels. “Rulers” may include religious and political royalty.

69	Associate with thieves: NJB: accomplices of brigands; RHM: companions of thieves; JPS: cronies of thieves; KJV: companions of thieves. [Isaiah 3:14; Micah 3:9]

70

Love bribes and chase after gifts: Or, LXX: rewards; KJV: loveth gifts; JPS: avid for presents and greedy for gifts. [Exodus 23:8; Proverbs 17:23; 21:14; 26:10; 29:4; Ecclesiastes 7:7] Bribes are condemned throughout the Bible. God will not tent with those who are involved in bribes. [Psalm 15:5; see notes on Psalm 15] Peter and John rejected gifts for spiritual favors. [Acts 8:18, 19] Remember Gehazi!

They do not deal honestly with the orphan, 71 and the cries of the widow they do not hear.

71	Orphan… widow: See notes above.

Isaiah 1:24-31 – Though Zion Is Redeemed Others Destroyed

IS1:24 As a result the Sovereign Lord 72 Y^eH^oW^aH of [angelic] armies 73 – the strong One 74 of Israel – declares: “Yes! I must rid Myself of My enemies! 75 I must seek revenge 76 upon My enemies!

72	Sovereign Lord: Or, NJB: Lord Yahweh; JPS: Sovereign. The Hebrew is HA’ADHOHN meaning “the Lord” inferring The Absolute Lord compared to other “lords.” [Compare Deuteronomy 10:17; 2 Corinthians 8:5] The LXX Greek is DESPOTES.

73	YeHoWaH of [angelic] armies: Or, KJV: Lord of Hosts; Jehovah of armies; NJB: Yahweh Sabaoth. It is a title suggesting God’s martial power.

74	Strong One: Or, NJB: mighty one.

75	I must rid Myself of My enemies: Or, LXX: my wrath shall not cease against mine adversaries; KJV: I will ease me of mine adversaries; JPS: I will get satisfaction from my foes; RHM: I must appease me on mine adversaries; NJB: I shall get the better of my enemies.

76	Revenge: Or, RHM: avenge; JPS: wreak vengeance; LXX: I will execute judgment on mine enemies. [See Romans 12:19]

IS1:25 I must turn My hand against you, so that I may dissolve your corrosion with lye, 77 and remove all your decay. 78

77	I may dissolve your corrosion with lye: Or, LXX: purge thee completely; KJV: purely purge; JPS: smelt out your dross as with lye; RHM: smelt away, as with potash, thy dross. [Malachi 3:3]

78	Remove all your decay: Or, NJB: remove all your alloy; JPS: remove all your slag; KJV: take away all thy tin.

IS1:26 Then I will restore your judges 79 as they used to be, and your counselors 80 as they were originally. Only then will you be called Citadel of Righteousness, 81 Trustworthy City. 82

79	Judges: Or, JPS: magistrates as of old. God’s promise that at the end of the day righteous judges will preside over Israel. Compare 1 Corinthians 6:2; Revelation 20:4. [See notes on Daniel 7:22 in Nazarene Commentary 2000-2001©.]

80	Counselors: See Isaiah 32:1. Including the “Wonderful Counselor” of Isaiah 9:6.

81	Citadel of Righteousness: Or, KJV: city; RHM: righteous citadel; NJB: City of Saving Justice. This is so because of it inhabitants. [2 Peter 3:13]

82	Trustworthy City: Or, NJB: Faithful City; RHM: Trusty city; LXX: faithful mother-city Sion. The LXX Greek is METROPOLIS PISTE ZION. Ultimately this will describe “New Jerusalem.” [Isaiah 65:17-20; Revelation 21:2]

IS1:27 Zion will be redeemed with justice, 83 and her remnant with righteousness. 84

83	Zion will be redeemed with justice: Or, LXX: her captives shall be saved with judgment; JPS: saved; NJB: by fair judgment.

84	And her remnant with righteousness: Or, NJB: those who return by saving justice; RHM: returning ones with righteousness; JPS: her repentant ones, in the retribution; KJV: her converts with righteousness.

IS1:28 Then the transgressors and sinners 85 will all fall down together, 86 and those who abandon 87 Y^eH^oW^aH will all come to an end.

85	Transgressors and sinners: Or, JPS: rebels and sinners.

86	Will all fall down together: Or, NJB: alike will be destroyed; JPS: all be crushed.

87	Those who abandon: Or, LXX: forsake. Compare the seriousness of such abandonment at Hebrews 6:4-8; 10:26-31.

IS1:29 Because they will turn pale with shame 88 regarding the great trees desired by you people. 89 They will blush because of their chosen gardens.

88	Turn pale with shame: Or, LXX: ashamed.

89	The great trees desired by you people: Or, LXX: their idols; KJV: the oaks; JPS: terebinths. Likely groves of trees where pagan and idolatrous worship involved orgies. [Jeremiah 2:20; 3:6; Ezekiel 6:13; Hosea 4:13]

IS1:30 For you will become just like a leafless tree, 90 like a garden without water.

90

A leafless tree: Or, LXX: they shall be as a turpentine tree that has cast its leaves; KJV: an oak whose leaf fadeth; JPS: like a terebinth wilted of leaf. [Jeremiah 17:6; Ezekiel 17:9; Matthew 21:19] Compare the lack of fruitfulness at John 15:2. On the tree see Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #424.

IS1:31 And the strong will become tow, 91 and his work a spark. 92 And they will both burn together, 93 with no one able to extinguish the fire.

91

And the strong will become tow: Or, NJB: strong will become like tinder; JPS: stored wealth shall become as tow; LXX: their strength shall be as a thread of tow. The English word “tow” referred to the broken fibers of hemp; or, flax. There seem two views: a] the strong person will be like a weak rope; or, b] the strength refers to material treasure used as kindling for a fire.

92	His work a spark: Or, LXX: their works as sparks; JPS: he who amassed it a spark.

93	And they will both burn together: Or, NJB: both will go up in flames together; RHM: both blaze together; JPS: the two shall burn together; LXX: the transgressors and the sinners shall be burnt up together.