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Nazarene Commentary 2000©

21^st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© –
21^st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures© [NCMM]

THE GOSPEL OF LUKE

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO:
PASSOVER PLOTS, MEMORIAL AND ARREST

[“The Hour of Darkness”]
Key word: Disowned

Luke 22:1-6 – Passover Plot and Betrayal

|| Matthew 26:2-5, 14, 16; 967 Mark 14:1, 2, 10, 11 968

967	Matthew 26:2-5, 14, 16: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

968	Mark 14:1, 2, 10, 11: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:1 Now the festival of unleavened bread, which is called Passover, was approaching. LK22:2 And the chief priests and Bible Copyists were seeking a way to ruin Jesus though they were afraid of the people. LK22:3 Then Satan entered Judas 969 Iscariot who was one of the Twelve.

969	Satan entered Judas: Or, found his way into [KNX], took possession of [TCN], a diabolical plan came into the mind of [PME]. Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1525 suggests “possession.” Judas “allowed room for the Devil” by his greed. [Ephesians 4:27]

LK22:4 After he left he went and talked to the chief priests and Temple authorities how he might hand Jesus over to them. LK22:5 And they rejoiced and agreed with him on how much money to pay. LK22:6 Judas consented and began to look for an opportunity to betray Jesus without the presence of the crowd.

Luke 22:7-13 – Passover Preparations

|| Matthew 26:17-19; 970 Mark 14:12-16 971

970	Matthew 26:17-19: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

971	Mark 14:12-16: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:7 Now the day of unleavened bread arrived on which the Passover lamb must be sacrificed. LK22:8 So Jesus sent Peter and John and told them: “Leave and prepare the Passover for us so that we may eat.” LK22:9 And they asked him, “Where do you wish us to make preparations?” LK22:10 Jesus told them: “Look, when you have entered the city you will come upon a man carrying a water jar. Follow him into the house he enters LK22:11 and then say to the master of the house, ‘The teacher asks you, “Where is the guest room where my disciples may eat the Passover?”’ LK22:12 Then that person will show you a large furnished room upstairs. Prepare Passover there.” LK22:13 After they left they discovered everything just as Jesus had told them and so they prepared the Passover.

Luke 22:14-18 – Cup Fulfilled When Kingdom Arrives

|| Matthew 26:29; 972 Mark 14:25 973

972	Matthew 26:29: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

973	Mark 14:25: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:14 Now when the Passover hour 974 arrived Jesus reclined at table together with his apostles.

974	Passover hour: Possibly on the modern Thursday after sundown, about 6 PM. However, this was the start of a new Jewish day, as 24-hour periods were from sundown to sundown.

LK22:15 Then Jesus told them: “I have greatly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. LK22:16 For I tell you that I will not eat this meal again until it is fulfilled in the Kingdom of The God.” LK22:17 And Jesus took a cup [of wine] and after giving thanks 975 he said: “Take this and share it among yourselves.

975	Giving thanks: The Greek is the word from which Eucharist comes.

LK22:18 For I tell you that I will not drink from the fruit of the vine until the Kingdom of The God arrives.” 976

976	Until the Kingdom of The God arrives: Compare notes on Matthew 13:40-42 and Revelation 11:15-17. Symbolically at the “marriage of the Lamb.” [Revelation 19:5-9]

Luke 22:19-20 – Keep Doing This

|| Matthew 26:26-28; 977 Mark 14:22-24 978

977	Matthew 26:26-28: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

978	Mark 14:22-24: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:19 Then Jesus took bread and after he gave thanks he broke it and gave it to them, saying: “This is my body given in your behalf. 979 You continue to do this in my memorial.” 980

979	My body given in your behalf: Or, MOF: this means my body given up for your sake. For details on the Master’s Supper see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on 1 Corinthians 11:23-25.

980	You continue to do this in my memorial: Or, KJV: this do in remembrance of me; BER: in my memory; BEC: do this to remember me. Some manuscripts omit portions here. The Greek is ANA [again] MNESIN [memory], that is, something to do over and over. See notes on 1 Corinthians 11:26.

LK22:20 Also in the same manner after the Passover meal 981 the cup, saying: “This cup is the New Covenant: 982 [Jeremiah 31:31] in my blood which is being poured out in your behalf.”

981	After the Passover meal: This emblematic meal was not part of the Passover.

982	New Covenant: Jesus borrows from Jeremiah 31:31. For details on new covenant see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Hebrews 8:6-13; 9:15; 12:24.

Luke 22:21-23 – My Betrayer

|| Matthew 26:20-25; 983 Mark 14:17-21; 984 John 13:21-30 985

983	Matthew 26:20-25: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

984	Mark 14:17-21: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

985	John 13:21-30: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on John.

LK22:21 “Nonetheless, look the hand of the person who will betray me is with me on this table. 986

986	Is with me on this table: Some understand Judas to be present at this moment, while others do not. It is possible Judas departed after the Passover and before the Memorial.

LK22:22 For, indeed, the Son of Humankind must depart 987 just as it has been determined, but woe to that person by whom he is betrayed.”

987	Depart: Or, GDS: is going his way; MOF: moves to his end.

LK22:23 Then the apostles began to discuss among themselves which one of them might do this.

Luke 22:24-30 – The Dispute over Who Is Greater

|| Matthew 20:25-27; 988 Mark 10:42-45 989

988	Matthew 20:25-27: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

989	Mark 10:42-45: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:24 Now a dispute 990 also broke out among the disciples as to who seemed to be the greatest.

990	Dispute: Or, strife, jealous dispute, quarrel, wrangling, rivalry.

LK22:25 Then Jesus said to them: “The kings of the non-Jews lord it over them, and those with authority over them are called Benefactors. LK22:26 However, among you this should not be the case, but the one who is greater among you must become as the youngest, and the person who leads as one who serves. LK22:27 For who is greater – the one reclining at table or the one serving? Is it not the one reclining at table? But here I am among you as the one serving. LK22:28 Now you are those who remained with me in all my trials. LK22:29 And so I make a covenant 991 with you just as my Father made a covenant with me for a Kingdom,

991	Covenant: Or, appoint, assign, confer, endow, vest.

LK22:30 so that you may eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. You will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.” 992

992	Judging the twelve tribes of Israel: Upon the resurrection of both the “righteous and unrighteous” following the Thousand Years. For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew 12:35-37; Acts 17:31; 24:15; Revelation 20:5, 12-14.

Luke 22:31-34 – Satan’s Sifting

|| Matthew 26:31-35; 993 Mark 14:27-31; 994 John 13:36-38 995

993	Matthew 26:31-35: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

994	Mark 14:27-31: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

995	John 13:36-38: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on John.

LK22:31 “Simon, Simon, look, Satan has demanded to sift all of you 996 as wheat,

996	You: The plural “you”, meaning the disciples.

LK22:32 but I have prayed for you, 997 Simon, that your faith will not fail. So later when you return, 998 strengthen your brothers.” 999

997	You: The singular “you”, referring to Peter.

998	When you return: Or, KJV: when thou art converted; KNX: after awhile; TCN: returned to me; RIE: once you have retraced your steps. Some versions suggest Peter had deviated in some way, or that Jesus is referring to a future desertion followed by a repentant conversion.

999	Strengthen your brothers: As the book of Acts records in chapters 1-10 Peter becomes a tower of strength to other disciples.

LK22:33 But Peter told Jesus: “Master, I am ready to go with you to jail or even death!” LK22:34 However, Jesus said: “I tell you, Peter, you will deny you know me three times this day before a rooster crows.”

Luke 22:35-38 – Counted among The Lawless

LK22:35 Then Jesus said to them: “When I sent you without a money sack, a food pouch or sandals did you lack for anything?” 1000 They said, “Nothing!”

1000	Did you lack for anything: Jesus was teaching them to rely on God.

LK22:36 So Jesus told them: “However, now let the one with a money sack take it, and also a food pouch. And the one without a sword 1001 should sell his clothing and buy one.

1001	Sword: To demonstrate he was not a revolutionary for his disciple could have put up a fight. [John 18:36]

LK22:37 For I tell you that it is necessary for what is written be fulfilled 1002 in me, ‘And he was numbered along with the lawless.’ [Isaiah 53:12] For surely this also must be completed.”

1002	Fulfilled: Jesus quotes Isaiah 53:12.

LK22:38 Then they told Jesus, “Master, look, here are two swords!” 1003 And he said to them: “It is enough.”

1003	Swords: A short blade carried for a variety of purposes, including use by fisherman, or travelers against robbers and wild animals.

Luke 22:39-46 – Agony in the Garden

|| Matthew 26:30, 36-46; 1004 Mark 14:26, 32-42 1005

1004	Matthew 26:30, 36-46: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

1005	Mark 14:26, 32-42: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

LK22:39 Then after leaving Jesus returned to the Mount of Olives as was his habit, and the disciples also followed him. LK22:40 When they came to the place Jesus told them: “Keep praying so you do not enter into temptation.” LK22:41 Then Jesus withdrew from them about a stone’s throw and bending his knees he began to pray: LK22:42 “Father, if you wish remove this cup from me. However, let Your will occur and not my own will.” LK22:43 [[And an angel 1006 from heaven appeared to him, giving him strength.

1006	Angel: Some manuscripts omit this portion.

LK22:44 Then in agony 1007 he continued to pray more earnestly 1008 so that his sweat became like drops of blood 1009 falling to the ground.]]

1007	Agony: Or, BEC: he began to struggle inwardly; MOF: fell into an agony; WEY: agony of distress; TCN: as his anguish became intense; NEB: anguish of spirit. The Greek is AGONIA.

1008

To pray more earnestly: Or, RIE: with even greater vehemence; NEB: more urgently; RHM: more intensely; BAS: the force of his prayer became stronger. One would think the intensity of Christ’s prayers was the same, but this shows the spirit behind Hebrews 5:7. If we were to observe Jesus in the garden we would witness someone in such intense prayer that he is humped over and trembling with such intensity.

1009

Sweat became like drops of blood: Or, RHM: his perspiration became as if great drops of sweat; WEY: like clots of blood; NOR: dripping to the ground; RIE: blood streaming to the ground. This is a known physical phenomenon of persons under extreme nervous tension. This may be that “sickness” foretold in Isaiah 53:10, “[God] made [Messiah] sick.” It is possible the angel in the process of strengthening Jesus brought this affliction upon him to stele and numb his body for the tortures ahead. This could also have shortened Christ’s life so that his legs were never broken at his execution.

LK22:45 Now rising from prayer Jesus returned to his disciples and discovered they were all sleeping out of grief. LK22:46 Then he told them: “Why are all of you sleeping? Wake up and continue to pray lest you enter into temptation.”

Luke 22:47-53 – The Arrest of Jesus

|| Matthew 26:47-56; 1010 Mark 14:43-52; 1011 John 18:3-11 1012

1010	Matthew 26:47-56: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

1011	Mark 14:43-52: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

1012	John 18:3-11: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on John.

LK22:47 While Jesus was still speaking, look, Judas one of the Twelve arrived leading a crowd and then he approached to kiss Jesus. LK22:48 Then Jesus said to him: “Judas, with a kiss do you betray the Son of Humankind?” LK22:49 Now aware Jesus was going to be surrounded, the disciples said, “Master, should we attack with a sword?” LK22:50 And a certain one 1013 of the disciples struck the slave of the chief priest and cut off his right ear.

1013	A certain one: Identified as Peter elsewhere.

LK22:51 Then Jesus responded: “Stop! That is enough!” And he touched the ear and healed him. LK22:52 Jesus asked those who came against him, including chief priests, Temple officials, and Jewish elders: “Did you come out with swords and clubs as against a thief? LK22:53 Everyday day I was among all of you in the Temple area and you never reached out your hand against me. However, this is your moment and the authority of darkness.”

Luke 22:54-62 – Peter’s Denials

|| Matthew 26:69-75; 1014 Mark 14:53, 54, 66-72; 1015 John 18:15-18, 25-27 1016

1014	Matthew 26:69-75: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Matthew.

1015	Mark 14:53, 54, 66-72: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on Mark.

1016	John 18:15-18, 25-27: For details see notes in Nazarene Commentary 2000 on John.

LK22:54 Now they seized Jesus and leading him away they brought him into the house of the chief priest as Peter followed from a distance. LK22:55 Some had lit a warming fire in the middle of the courtyard and Peter was sitting among all those gathered around. LK22:56 Then a certain servant-girl sitting near the light studied Peter closely and said, “This man was with [Jesus]!” LK22:57 But Peter denied it, saying, “Woman, I do not know him!” LK22:58 Now a little later another observed Peter and said, “You are one of them!” But Peter said, “Man, I am not!” LK22:59 Then about an hour later another person kept insisting, “For a fact you were also with [Jesus], for he is also a Galilean!” LK22:60 However, Peter said, “Man, I have no idea what you are talking about!” And instantly while he was still speaking a rooster crowed. LK22:61 At that moment the Master turned around and looked straight at Peter as Peter remembered the statement the Master had made when he had told him: “Before a rooster crows this day you will deny me three times.” LK22:62 After going outside Peter began to weep bitterly.

Luke 22:63-65 – Beaten and Insulted

|| Matthew 26:67, 68; Mark 14:65

LK22:63 Now those men who had Jesus in custody began to ridicule and beat him. LK22:64 They blindfolded him and began asking him questions, “Prophesy! Who just hit you?” LK22:65 And in other ways they spoke abusively of Jesus as they continued to insult him.

Luke 22:66-71 – Before the Sanhedrin

|| Matthew 26:57-66; Mark 14:53-64

LK22:66 Now at dawn the Jewish elders of the people and the chief priests as well as the Bible Copyists assembled together and they led Jesus away to their Sanhedrin. LK22:67 They asked Jesus, “Tell us if you are the Christ.” However, Jesus told them: “If I said that to you, none of you would ever believe it. LK22:68 And if I asked a question you would never answer. LK22:69 But later the Son of Humankind will be sitting on the right hand of God’s power.” LK22:70 And everyone asked, “Then you are the Son of The God?” 1017 But Jesus told them: “You are saying that I am.”

1017	The Son of The God: These Rabbis understood that the “son of Humankind” at Daniel 7:13 was “the Son of The God” of Psalm 2:7.

LK22:71 And they responded, “Why do we still need any witnesses? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth!”

Review Questions on Chapter Twenty-two