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Nazarene Commentary 2000©

21^st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© –
21^st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures© [NCMM]

THE LETTER TO THE ROMANS

CHAPTER EIGHT:
“Freedom and Indwelling Pneuma”

[“Liberated Sons”]
Key word: Pneuma
Theme Verse: 9

Romans 8:1-8 – Freedom and the Indwelling Spirit

RO8:1 Therefore, there is no condemnation against those united with Christ Jesus. 405

405

There is no condemnation against those united with Christ Jesus: Or, KJV: there is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus; MOF: no doom; GDS: those who are in union with; BAR: life is one with. Most comforting words for Christians. (Colossians 1:22; see notes on 1 John 3:24) This does not say there will be no “judgment” for those in Christ for Jesus, Paul, and John all teach a future parousia-judgment. Research parousia-judgment for details in Nazarene Commentary 2000©. (John 5:29; 2 Corinthians 5:10; 1 John 2:28) The question becomes what does it mean to be “in” Christ. The phrase occurs scores of times in Paul’s epistles. (Romans 8:1, 2, 10; 12:5; 16:7; 1 Corinthians 1:2, 30; 15:18; 16:24; 2 Corinthians 5:17; 12:2; 13:5; Galatians 1:22; 2:4, 20; 3:28; 5:10; Ephesians 1:1, 3, 4, 11; 2:6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 21, 22; 3:6; 6:1; Philippians 1:1; 3:9; 4:21; Colossians 1:2, 27, 28; 2:6; 3:3; 1 Thessalonians 1:1; 2:14; 4:16; 5:18; 2 Thessalonians 1:1, 12; 2 Timothy 1:1; 2:10) [NOTE: the KJV from the received Text adds: “who walk not after the flesh, but after the spirit.”]

RO8:2 For the spiritual principle of the life united with Christ Jesus 406 completely liberated you from those principles of the sin and the death. 407

406

The spiritual principle of the life united with Christ Jesus: Or, KJV: for the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus; PME: new spiritual principle of life; WEY: for the spirit’s law – life in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 5:16; James 1:25) Paul adds another “law” [or, principle] to his list – a spiritual one related to justification and sanctification resulting in a spiritual life with promises of immortal life. (See notes on Romans 2:5, 6.) The Greek word PNEUMATOS (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4151 – PNEUMA) occurs 38 times in Romans and 22 times in chapter 8 – surely the key word of the chapter. The Greek literally means breath or wind (an invisible force or pressure). PNEUMA is used of mind, disposition or attitude, spirit-being, pressure or inclination. It is well to do research on spirit or pneuma in Nazarene Commentary 2000©, particularly Where Are the Dead? and Error of the Trinity.

407

Completely liberated you from those principles of the sin and the death: Or, KJV: hath made me free from; TCN: see you free; PME: lifts me out; BEC: from the rule of sin that kills; PME: the old vicious circle of sin and death; BAR: emancipate. (Hebrews 10:14) The freedom or liberty is from sin’s condemnation and the fear of death. Compare Hebrews 2:15 and that emancipation which results from Christ. The disciple is released from a conscience under the burden of Adamic sin and the hopelessness of death.

RO8:3 Because the Law [of Moses] is impotent because of the flesh’s weakness. 408 The God Himself, by sending His Son concerning sin 409 in the likeness of sinful flesh 410 judged against fleshly sin. 411

408

The Law [of Moses] is impotent because of the flesh’s weakness: Or, KJV: for what the could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh; MON: for God has done what the Law could not do; NEB: what the law could never do, because our lower nature robbed it of all potency; WEY: thwarted as it was by human frailty. Paul sums up the “problem” with the Law – human sinfulness. This right, just and good and fulfills the role God intended for it. See Galatians 3:19 and Hebrews 7:18. Compare notes on Romans 3:20.

409

The God Himself, by sending His Son concerning sin: Or, NEB: as a sacrifice for sin; WEY: to deal with sin; BAR: with a human nature like our sinful nature. (2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 9:28) The New English Bible likely has the right idea. That is, “…sending His Son concerning a sin offering.” (Isaiah 53:10-12)

410

In the likeness of sinful flesh: Or, NEB: in a form like that of our sinful nature; WEY: in the form of sinful humanity. Compare Philippians 2:5-7; Hebrews 2:14, 15; Hebrews 4:15. When the Risen Master ascends to heaven as the glorified Son of Humankind he is seen as “someone like a Son of Humankind” or hominid. (Latin, Jerome; Daniel 7:13) Note the likeness of Messiah at Isaiah 52:13-53:3

411	Judged against fleshly sin: That is, condemned the sinful nature. Or, KNX: He has signed the death-warrant of sin in our nature.

RO8:4 In order that the righteous demands of the Law [of Moses] may be [rightly] fulfilled in us 412 – those not conducting ourselves in harmony with the flesh 413 but rather in harmony with the Pneuma. 414

412	In order that the righteous demands of the Law [of Moses] may be [rightly] fulfilled in us: Or, KJV: that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us; GDS: might be fully met in our case; BAR: legitimate demand. Compare notes on Romans 3:31.

413

Those not conducting ourselves in harmony with the flesh: Or, KJV: who walk not after the flesh; GDS: we live not on the physical (plane); WEY: our lives are ruled not by our lower (natures); BAR: no longer directed by our lower nature. Compare Colossians 3:2, 5-9; Galatians 5:19, 20. See notes on Romans 8:5-8. (1 Corinthians 2:14; 1 Corinthians 3:1) The true disciple could never be described as a “carnal Christian” as some do today.

414

In harmony with the Pneuma: That is, spiritual harmony; in harmony with the Divine Mind. Or, KJV: (walk) after the Spirit; TCN: live now in obedience… to the Spirit; GDS: we live… on the spiritual plane; WEY: our lives ruled… by our spiritual natures. It seems likely that this is God’s pneuma. If we accept Paul’s parallel at 1 Corinthians 2:16 with Isaiah 40:13 then God’s Pneuma is His Mind. That is, the PNEUMA (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4151) of God is an invisible mental pressure that He exerts as a power manifest either in His Word (the conduit into the heart of the disciple), or, in a variety of pneumatic manifestations. (1 Corinthians 12:4-11; Galatians 5:16, 18; see notes on Romans 8:14) John 6:63 has the Nazarene teaching, “The teachings I have spoken to you are PNEUMA.” [John 3:34] Compare this with Hebrews 4:12.

RO8:5 For those who are in harmony with the flesh are thinking about fleshly things. 415 However, those in harmony with the Pneuma [are thinking about] the things of the Pneuma. 416

415

Those who are in harmony with the flesh are thinking about fleshly things: Or, KJV: they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; TCN: earthly minded; GDS: people are controlled by the physical think of what is physical; MON: give their attention to the things of the flesh; WEY: their thoughts are shaped by the lower nature. Thinking is associated with what is PNEUMA, that is something involving the mind and its manifestations. One way to determine this kind of thinking is the subjects which dominate a person’s conversation; or, those things which control a life-style. The Nazarene taught, “Those born of flesh are fleshly.” (John 3:6; Galatians 5:19, 20) When a person’s conversation is dominated by fleshly matters, the person is fleshly.

416

Those in harmony with the Pneuma [are thinking about] the things of the Pneuma: That is, those in harmony with the Divine Mind [continue to think about] spiritual things. Or, KJV: they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit; GDS: people who are controlled by the spiritual think of what is spiritual; CON: mind spiritual things; MON: give attention to spiritual things; MOF: interests in the Spirit; BAR: taken the Spirit as the rule of their lives. Again, the Nazarene taught, “Those born of the Pneuma are Pneuma.” (John 3:6; or, “that which is begotten by Pneuma is Pneuma”) As above, the spiritual may be identified by a) the subjects which dominate language; and, b) those actions which dominate life-style. Compare 1 Corinthians 2:15; Galatians 5:22, 23; Colossians 3:1-5; Philippians 4:8.

RO8:6 Because fleshly thinking means death, 417 but Pneumatic thinking [means] life and peace. 418

417	Fleshly thinking means death: Or, KJV: to be carnally minded is death; MOF: the interests of the flesh mean death; NOR: to set the mind on the flesh brings death; BAR: mind dominated by. See notes on Romans 6:21. (Colossians 3:1-5)

418

Pneumatic thinking [means] life and peace: That is, thinking in harmony with the Divine Mind. Or, KJV: to be spiritually minded is life and peace; MOF: the interests of the spirit; ASV: mind of e spirit; NOR: set the mind on. The literal Greek is “minding of the pneuma.” One sees the meaning in “minding the store” or “minding your own business.” The Greek for “minding” is PHRONEMA (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #5427) or that inclination or purpose of the mind. Spiritual mindedness, or, spirituality, produces life and tranquility. Compare Galatians 6:8. (1 Corinthians 2:12-15)

RO8:7 Because fleshly thinking [means] enmity with The God, 419 for [such thinking] will not subject [itself] to the Law of The God 420 – nor ever can be.

419

Fleshly thinking [means] enmity with The God: Or, KJV: the carnal mind is enmity against God; MOF: interests of the flesh are hostile to God; BEC: the fleshly mind hates God; BAR: the mind that is dominated by. (Isaiah 59:2 Colossians 1:21; James 4:4) What one thinks about, or is minding, is usually revealed in speech and conduct. Habitual carnal thinking will make one and enemy of God.

420	For [such thinking] will not subject [itself] to the Law of The God: Or, KJV: (the carnal mind) is not subject to the law of God; ALF: doth not submit itself; GDS: refuses to obey God’s law. (1 Corinthians 2:14)

RO8:8 Those who are fleshly can never please God. 421

421

Those who are fleshly can never please God: Or, KJV: they that are in the flesh cannot please God; BER: controlled by the flesh; WEY: who obey the lower nature; MON: earthly minded; BAR: it is impossible for those who are ruled by their lower nature to please God. (1 Corinthians 3:3) The so-called “carnal Christian” can never please God.

Romans 8:9-11 – Life by Indwelling Spirit

RO8:9 However, you are not in harmony with the flesh, 422 but in harmony with the Pneuma, 423 if God’s Pneuma even resides within all of you; 424 but, if anyone has not Christ’s pneuma this one is not His. 425

422

You are not in harmony with the flesh: That is, “you are not in the flesh.” This is how it reads literally from the Greek. The next few sentences are difficult literally. The KJV follows suit, “ye are in the flesh,” adding the article. It seems very possible that the meaning is: “You are not fleshly,” or, “You are not in harmony with the flesh.” Or, BER: not controlled by the flesh; BAR: you are not ruled by your lower human nature. Paul uses the plural “you” referring primarily to the Roman Christians. Some, though professing discipleship, may be “fleshly.” (1 Corinthians 3:3).

423

But in harmony with the Pneuma: That is, unified with the Divine Mind. Or, KJV: but in the Spirit; BER: controlled by… the Spirit; BAR: ruled by the Spirit. In contrast to the first phrase, likely, “but [you are] in harmony with the Pneuma.” That is: spiritually minded, not fleshly minded as discussed above. (Galatians 5:25)

424

If God’s Pneuma even resides within all of you: That is, the Divine Mind has taken up residence within your thinking. Or, KJV: if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you; TCN: since the Spirit of God lives within you; GDS: has really taken possession of you; WMS: has His home within you; BAR: made his home in you. All of these attempt an interpretative paraphrase. It seems possible that Paul’s meaning is: You (Romans) are spiritually minded because God’s Pneuma dwells within you (Romans). Jesus may paraphrase this whole phrase when he rebukes Peter: “You are not minding God’s things, but rather human things.” (Matthew 16:23; see notes on Matthew 16:23)

425

If anyone has not Christ’s pneuma this one is not His: That is, “anyone who does not think like Christ does not belong to him.” Or, KJV: now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ; TCN: unless a man has the Spirit of Christ. This possibly means: “If any disciple does not have the mind of Christ such a person does not belong to him.” PNEUMA may be used of mind, mental inclination or disposition. Christ is also the conduit or instrument of the dispensation of God’s holy Pneuma. Again, the Nazarene’s words at Matthew 16:23 are probably a good paraphrase.

RO8:10 Indeed, if Christ is in you, 426 [the] body is dead regarding sin, 427 but regarding the Pneuma it means life by means of righteousness. 428

426

If Christ is in you: That is, “if Christ truly resides with all of you.” Twice Paul has qualified the matter with “if.” Or, KJV: if Christ be in you. It seems likely that he means, “if, indeed, Christ does dwell within.” In both cases the meaning could include Christ’s dwelling within the Romans as a corporate body. (1 Corinthians 3:16)

427

[The] body is dead regarding sin: Or, KJV: the body is dead because of sin; WMS: although you bodies must die because of sin; MON: your bodily self is dead because of sin; MOF: though the body is a dead thing owing to Adam’s sin; BAR: the physical part of you may be doomed to death. A Paul has said earlier in chapter six, the Christian disciple has died to sin and now lives to righteousness.

428

But regarding the Pneuma it means life by means of righteousness: A difficult sentence, but if read listening for Paul’s tone and pause, it becomes clear. Or, KJV: but the Spirit is life because of righteousness; CON: yet your spirit is life, because of righteousness; MON: your spirit is full of life because of righteousness; WMS: your spirits are now enjoying life because of right standing with God; NEB: yet the spirit is life itself because you have been justified; BAR: the spiritual part of you is destined for life. Translators approach the terse phrase from different angles allowing for several views. The meaning may be: “your body is deaden to sin while your pneuma [mental inclination] is living because of righteousness.” Compare Galatians 2:20.

RO8:11 But, if the Pneuma of the One who raised up 429 The Jesus 430 from the dead resides within all of you, 431 the One who raised up Christ Jesus will also make your mortal bodies alive 432 by His indwelling Pneuma in you. 433

429

If the Pneuma of the One who raised up: That is, “the power of the Divine Mind raised Christ from the dead.” Or, KJV: but if the Spirit of him that raised up. Paul has used PNEUMA in several forms or modes in these verses. See notes elsewhere on PNEUMA: the mental pressure of God [the Divine Mind exerting a pressure] which is exerted as an invisible force to accomplish His will. God thinks and it is done. Twice he repeats the powerful miracle of the resurrection of Christ. (Acts 2:24; 1 Corinthians 6:14)

430	The Jesus: The article is sometimes used with the name “Jesus” meaning “the” Jesus. The name (“Yah Saves”) was common in the Hebrew form of Joshua. Jewish historian Josephus lists a dozen persons by that name other than those mentioned in the Bible. (Colossians 4:11)

431	Pneuma of the One… resides within all of you: That is, “the Divine Mind has taken up residence among all of you.” Or, KJV: dwells in you; TCN: lives within; GDS: taken possession of you. The disciple is possessed of divine thinking, spiritually minded because God resides within.

432

Make your mortal bodies alive: Or, KJV: shall also quicken your mortal bodies; RHM: shall make alive even your death-doomed bodies; CON: shall endow with life also your dying bodies. There are several views: a) a reference to the resurrection (Philippians 3:11, 21); and, b) a reference to the justified condition in which one formerly died in sin is now spiritually alive. (John 5:24; see notes on Ephesians 2:5; 1 John 3:14) Though some will see the resurrection of the human body here, others do not. (1 Corinthians 15:50-52; 2 Corinthians 5:1-10)

433

By His indwelling Pneuma in you: That is, the Divine Mind with its godly thoughts has taken up residence within the believer. Or, KJV: by his Spirit that dwelleth in you; GDS: through his Spirit that has taken possession of you; MON: by his indwelling Spirit in your lives. One thought would be: though the human body is dying due to sin, this dying body is energized and enlivened by godly thinking.

Romans 8:12-17 – God’s Sons Led by Spirit

RO8:12 Truly, then, brothers, we are accountable not to fleshly living 434 – [that is] to live in harmony with flesh.

434

We are accountable not to fleshly living: That is, We owe it not to live fleshly lives. Or, KJV: we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh; TCN: we owe nothing to our earthly natures, that we should live in obedience to it; MOF: we owe a duty – but it is not to the flesh; NEB: we are not obliged to live on that level. Paul’s alludes back to his previous point regarding a new life, not a fleshly one, but a spiritual one. (Galatians 5:19; see notes on Romans 8:5, 6) The disciple of the Nazarene ceases to live a life driven by the fleshly or physical.

RO8:13 For, if you live in a fleshly manner you are destined to die. 435 However, if you [live] a spiritual [life], and put the body to death, 436 you will live. 437

435

If you live in a fleshly manner you are destined to die: That is, a fleshly oriented life-style leads to Second Death. Or, KJV: if ye live after the flesh ye shall die; TCN: in obedience to your earthly nature; GDS: under the control of the physical; MOF: you are on the road to death. A life without God is driven by self – fleshly in character – and doomed. See notes on Romans 1:32 [and verses above] and Romans 8:6.

436

Put the body to death: That is, Strive to deaden fleshly desires. Or, KJV: mortify the deeds of the body; NEB: put to death all the base pursuits of the body; TCN: put an end to the evil habits of the body. Compare 1 Corinthians 9:27; Colossians 3:5; Galatians 5:24; 6:8. Putting the body to death, or deadening the body, is a process of sanctification, “perfecting holiness in the fear of God.” (2 Corinthians 7:1, 2; 1 Thessalonians 4:3)

437	If you [live] a spiritual [life]… you will live: That is, If your life-style is a spiritual one you will gain endless life. Or, KJV: if ye through the Spirit. This is a new life – opposite of the former – which is God-centered and Christ-minded.

RO8:14 For everyone led by God’s Pneuma are God’s sons. 438

438

Everyone led by God’s Pneuma are God’s sons: That is, “all those who allow the Divine Mind to guide them.” Or, KJV: for as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God; MON: only those are sons of god who are led by God’s Spirit; KNX: those o follow the leading of God’s Spirit are all called God’s sons. Humanity is not by nature “children of God” for they have been born in sin inherited from their fleshly father, Adam. (See notes Romans 5:12-14.) Jesus did not teach the divine childhood of humankind. Compare notes on John 1:12, 13. All persons led by the divine mental pressure of God are His children by virtue of a spiritual birth and regeneration. (See John 3:3-5; Titus 3:5; 1 Peter 1:3, 4, 23; James 1:18; 1 John 5:1)

RO8:15 Because, you did not receive a slave’s frame of mind causing more fear. 439 Rather, you received an adoptive son’s frame of mind, 440 in which we cry out, “Abba! The Father!” 441

439

You did not receive a slave’s frame of mind causing more fear: Or, KJV: ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; RHM: a spirit of servitude leading back into fear; GDS: consciousness of servitude; BAR: does not leave you in the older relationship with God. The Greek PNEUMA occurs several times in this context with different meanings: God’s power, a disposition, inclination or frame of mind. (Galatians 4:24, 25; 5:1; Hebrews 2:15) Those under the Law of Moses lived in fear as the Law condemned them as sinners. Thus, such persons had a certain frame of mind – that of a slave.

440

You received an adoptive son’s frame of mind: Or, KJV: ye have received the Spirit of adoption; WMS: consciousness of adopted sons. The “spirit” (PNEUMA) of a slave and a son are quite different: the slave living in fear, the son in hope of an inheritance by a father’s love. Compare 1 Corinthians 2:11, 12; 2 Timothy 1:7 where PNEUMA may be the mind or a mental disposition characterized by certain attributes. Humans are not children of God by natural birth. Due to sin a person must be adopted to become a child of God. (Galatians 4:5; John 1:12, 13) Research the word adoption and see notes on Romans 8:23, Romans 9:4, and Ephesians 1:5.

441

We cry out, “Abba! The Father”: That is, “O papa, my Father!” Or, MON: my Father, my Father: BAR: Father, dear Father!. An Aramaic word meaning Papa. The endearing term first used of small children for father or grandfather. See notes in Nazarene Principles 2000© under Abba. Jesus used the intimate yet respectful term for God once. (Mark 14:36) Paul uses it one other place. (Galatians 4:6) According to some it was a designation rarely used in Judaism (Isaiah 64:8) and never in Greek literature. In the Hebrew Bible God is never addressed as “Father” save in those Messianic contexts. (Psalm 89:26) In some cultures elderly persons are addressed respectively as Papa or Mama.

RO8:16 The Pneuma [of God] itself provides testimonial evidence with our frame of mind that we are God’s children. 442

442

The Pneuma [of God] itself provides testimonial evidence with our frame of mind that we are God’s children: That is, “the Divine Mind proves and confirms to our minds that we are God’s children.” Or, KJV: the Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of God; KNX: assures our spirit; PME: endorses our inward conviction; TAY: speaks to us deep in our hearts. God’s own mental thoughts exerts pressure upon the mind and heart of the disciple as if providing testimony in a court of law, giving evidence of a genuine sonship with God. Compare 1 Corinthians 2:10-12. See notes on 1 John 5:1, 6, 10, 11 and God’s “witness.” (John 3:3-8) Note similar language at Hebrews 10:15 and how the Pneuma testifies by means of the inspired Scriptures.

RO8:17 Therefore, if we are children [we are] also heirs. 443 Indeed, God’s heirs, 444 but [also] Christ’s joint-heirs. 445 [That is] if, 446 indeed, we suffer together 447 so that we also will be glorified together. 448

443

If we are children [we are] also heirs: Or, KJV: if children, then heirs; PME: if we are his children we share his treasures. See notes on Revelation 21:7. The words inherit or heir(s) occurs dozens of times. Jesus uses the idea. (See notes on Matthew 5:5; 19:29; 21:38; 25:34; Mark 10:17) Paul uses it at Acts 20:32; 26:19; 1 Corinthians 6:9, 10; 15:50; Galatians 3:18; 5:21; see notes on Ephesians 1:14; 1:18; 5:5; Colossians 1:12; 3:24; Hebrews 1:4, 14; 6:12; 9:15. Peter at 1 Peter 1:4; 3:9; 5:3; and, John in Revelation 21:7.

444

God’s heirs: That is, “those in the Father’s inheritance.” As children they will receive the inheritance from the Father. Search the words “inherit,” “inheritance,” and “heirs.” [joint-heir] [Matthew 25:34; Acts 20:32; 1 Corinthians 15:50; Ephesians 1:14, 18; Colossians 1:12; 3:24; Hebrews 1:14; 1 Peter 1:4; 3:9; 5:3; Revelation 21:7]

445

Christ’s joint-heirs: That is, they share the inheritance with Jesus. See notes on Ephesians 3:6. Note the prophecy on inheritance at Psalm 2:8 and Daniel 7:27. (See notes on Matthew 5:5.) World rule by the Church and Messiah is part and parcel of the inheritance. The contrast between God and Christ would argue that Christ is not God.

446	[That is] if: KJV: if. The inheritance is condition upon certain requirements.

447	We suffer together: Or, TCN: share Christ’s sufferings. Compare the notes on Matthew 16:24 and Romans 6:5. On the word suffering see 1 Peter where the word occurs more often than any other Bible book. (16 times)

448	Will be glorified together: NEB: share his splendour. (2 Timothy 2:11; Revelation 3:11) See notes on 1 Thessalonians 4:16, 17 and the word “together.” The Saints are not glorified individually over a generational period of time, but “together.”

Romans 8:18-25 – Freedom of God’s Children

RO8:18 For, I consider that the sufferings of this current season 449 are nothing compared to that future glory to be revealed in us. 450

449

I consider that the sufferings of this current season: Or, KJV: I reckon that the sufferings of the present time; NB: the sufferings we now endure. For a consideration of Paul’s own suffering read 1 Corinthians 4:11-13 and 2 Corinthians 11:21-29. Not all suffering is because of persecution. Suffering may include the sin and death at work in our bodies – the sickness and decay. Suffering may be matters beyond our control – wars, earthquakes, famines, pestilence. Suffering may be self-inflicted. (1 Timothy 6:10) Compare also 1 Peter 4:13.

450

Are nothing compared to that future glory to be revealed in us: Or, KJV: are not worthy to be compared with; GDS: the glory that is to burst upon us; BAR: cannot compare with the glory which is going to burst upon us. There is a future glory for all the Saints which will be revealed to all human creation. (2 Corinthians 4:17) No sufferings in this life can equal the glory of the Church. There is something of Psalm 90:10, 15.

RO8:19 Because the eager anticipation of the [human] creation is eagerly anticipating the revealing of the sons of The God. 451

451

The eager anticipation of the [human] creation is eagerly anticipating the revealing of the sons of The God: Or, KJV: the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God; RHM: the outlook of; WEY: all creation is yearning, longing to see the manifestation of; PME: the whole creation is on tiptoe to see the wonderful sight of the sons of God coming into their own; BAR: awaits the day when God will show the world who his sons are. Paul has in the mind the human creation which began in Eden. It is unlikely that Paul means every human creature who has ever existed looks forward to the revealing of the sons of God. Surely, the Jews and other peoples anticipated the fulfillment of God’s purpose first revealed in Genesis 3:15. On the other hand, few peoples of all tribes and races, have not had some hope that the Creator’s people – whoever they may be – will one day come to light. By “sons of God” Paul means the Body of Christ, the Church, the Messianic Kingdom. (Daniel 7:27; Revelation 20:4, 6)

RO8:20 For, the [human] creation was subjected to a vain and empty life, 452 not of its own will but through the One who subjected it, 453 in hope

452

Creation was subjected to a vain and empty life: Or, KJV: the creature was made subject to vanity; TCN: imperfection; WEY: futility; BAR: the whole created universe was involved in a process of meaningless frustration. Compare Genesis 3:19; Ecclesiastes 1:2-4. Because of the rebellion of the original parents in Eden their offspring were cursed by a defective DNA and imperfect role models so that all human families became dysfunctional. (See notes on Romans 5:12.) On the futile life read Ecclesiastes.

453	The One who subjected it: That is, God or Yehowah, as recounted in Genesis chapters 2 and 3.

RO8:21 that also the [human] creation itself will be liberated from slavery to decay 454 [in the grave] unto the glorious liberty of the children of The God. 455

454

Creation itself will be liberated from slavery to decay: Or, KJV: bondage of corruption; GDS: bondage to decay; NEB: the shackles of mortality; PME: the tyranny of change and decay; BAR: servitude to death’s decay. Compare Psalm 49:7-11 and Hebrews 2:14. Liberation from the decay and corruption of sin and death infers a restoration or resurrection from the grave followed by the possibility of an endless life. Compare Psalm 16:10.

455

The glorious liberty of the children of The God: It is possible that Paul is deliberate in not using HUION (sons) here, but TEKNON (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #5043, children). There appear to be two groups: a) the sons of God to be revealed; and, b) the human creation longing for such revelation. These two groups are seen in Daniel 7:14, 27 where the “saints of the Most High” exercise dominion over all peoples, tongues, tribes, nations, and kingdoms. We hear in Paul’s words the restoration of Eden under Messiah reign.

RO8:22 For we realize that all the [human] creation groans together in painful moans 456 until the present.

456

Creation groans together in painful moans: Or, KJV: groaneth and travaileth in pain; MOF: signs and throbs with pain; PME: it is plain to anyone with eyes to see that at the present time all created life groans in a sort of universal travail. One can listen to history and hear these moans and groans due to war, disease, disappointment, natural disasters, and a multitude of other heartbreaks.

RO8:23 And not only that, but also we the firstfruits of the Pneuma, 457 we also groan within ourselves, 458 fervently anticipating an adoption as sons 459 – the release by ransom of our Body. 460

457

We the firstfruits of the Pneuma: Or, KJV: have the firstfruits; MOF: the spirit as a foretaste of the future; NEB: the spirit is given as first-fruits of the harvest to come. The same as the “sons of God.” The Prophets foretold an out-pouring of holy Pneuma. The first of these were the Jews at Pentecost and some years later the non-Jews, beginning with the household of Cornelius. (Acts chapters 2 and 10) Compare Isaiah 32:15; 44:3; 61:1; Acts 2:17. See notes on Matthew 3:11.

458	We also groan within ourselves: Despite the glorious hope of the future there is that groaning of the Church suffering in pain for the Day of the Lord. Compare 2 Corinthians 5:2.

459

Fervently anticipating an adoption as sons: Or, KJV: waiting for; WEY: we wait for full sonship. See adoption above. Though a disciple upon spirit-begettal may be spoken of as adopted, the adoptive process is not complete until gaining the celestial realms. Compare Christ as an example. [Romans 1:4.]

460

Release by ransom of our Body: That is, all of us together as one body experience a release by ransom. There are several views on this reading: KJV: the redemption of our body; TCN: the redemption of our bodies; BER: bodily redemption. The Greek SOMA (body) is plural with the article: “the redemption of the body of us.” This may suggest Paul does not have in mind the individual bodies of each Christian but the entire deliverance of the whole Church.

RO8:24 Because we were saved [in this] hope; 461 but hope beheld is not hope. 462 For who hopes for what one beholds?

461	We were saved [in this] hope: There is a present saving state and also a future one. This hope is the “one hope” of Ephesians 4:4. Research the word groups save[d] and salvation. [Acts 2:21, 40, 27; 16:30, 31; Romans 10:9; Ephesians 2:5; 1 Timothy 2:4; 1 Peter 3:21]

462	Hope beheld is not hope: Or, KJV: hope that is seen is not hope. See notes on Ephesians 1:13; 4:4. “Hope” is a word used 20 times in Romans.

RO8:25 But, if we do not behold what we hope for we fervently anticipate it by endurance. 463

463	We fervently anticipate it by endurance: Or, KJV: patience; CON: we steadfastly endure, and long earnestly for the future. See notes on Romans 5:4.

Romans 8:26-30 – How Spirit Helps Saints

RO8:26 And likewise also the Pneuma joins in with help for our weaknesses. 464 Because what we should pray for as is necessary we do not know; 465 but, the pneuma itself pleads our case in moans unspoken. 466

464

The Pneuma joins in with help for our weaknesses: Or, KJV: the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities; TCN: supports us; KNX: comes to the aid; PME: helps us in our present limitations. This whole series present translation problems and there are various understandings. The Greek word SYN-ANTI-LAMBANETAI (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4878) is together-opposite-take hold of, or, cooperates. Paul may allude to the promised spirit-helper, the spirit of the truth. (John 14:16; 16:7)

465

What we should pray for as is necessary we do not know: Or, KJV: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; BER: what and how to pray; LAM: right and proper. The problem is prayer. The problem is knowing what to always pray for. An example might be Paul’s own prayer regarding his “thorn in the flesh.” (2 Corinthians 12:7-9)

466

The pneuma itself pleads our case in moans unspoken: Or, KJV: the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered; RHM: sighings unutterable; GDS: inexpressible yearnings; BER: sighs too deep for words. Paul has mentioned groaning and moans above when he described the suffering pain during the present season. The Greek word for “pleads our case” is HYPENTYGKHANEI (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #5241), or, above-entreat, intercession. The question is how does this pneuma do this. Some use this as proof of the Person of the Holy Ghost feeling the pneuma here is the holy spirit. The subject is prayer. Did the Pneuma pressure, or inspire, the prayers of the first Christians? Compare language similar to that of these phrases here at 1 Corinthians 14:14, 15, “For if I pray in a tongue it is my pneuma praying but my mind is unfruitful… I will pray with the pneuma but I shall pray with [my] mind.” It seems possible that the pneuma here (breath, wind) is that of the person praying under the pressure of God’s Pneuma.

RO8:27 However, the One searching the hearts knows what the mind[ing] of the Pneuma is 467 according to pleadings to God regarding the Saints. 468

467

The One searching the hearts knows what the mind[ing] of the Pneuma is: Or, KJV: he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the spirit; CON: the desire of the spirit; RHM: preferred by the spirit; TCN: what the spirit’s meaning is. God is the one who searches hearts. (Acts 1:24; Hebrews 4:12) The meaning may be: the One who reads hearts reads the mind of the one praying. The phrasing is similar to 1 Corinthians 14:14, 15 where prayers as gifts of the spirit are the subject.

468	According to pleadings to God regarding the Saints: Or, KJV: because he maketh intercessions for the saints. The “pleadings” may be those of the petitioner “praying in spirit.” (See notes on Ephesians 6:18 and Jude 20)

RO8:28 But, we are aware that the synergy of The God is for the good of those loving The God, 469 to those who have been invited according to His purpose. 470

469

We are aware that the synergy of The God is for the good of those loving The God: Or, KJV: we know that all things work together for good to them that love God; MON: continually work together; PME: everything that happens fits into a pattern for good. The Greek is SYNERGEI (work-together-with) [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4903, partner in labor, put forth power together with] and means that everything God does in His unfolding purpose is energized by love for the Saints.

470	To those who have been invited according to His purpose: Or, KJV: to them who are the called according to his purpose. Compare the “invitation” (same word for “called”) at Matthew 22:1-14 (see notes on Matthew 22:14) All are invited. See Revelation 17:14.

RO8:29 Because whomever He foreknew 471 He also marked out in advance that they be conformed to the image of His Son 472 that he might be the Firstborn of many brothers. 473

471

Whomever He foreknew: Or, KJV: RHM: fore approved; GDS: marked out. The Greek is PRO-EGNO (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4267, knowledge beforehand), that is, before-know, prognosticate, prognosis. Some see the makings of predestination in this verse, others that God purposed a type or class to reign with Christ. On predestination see the publication Nazarene Principles 2000©. God knew in advance His purpose regarding Christ and the Church but not the specific individuals. Rather He purposed for the Saints to be patterned after the image of His Son.

472

He also marked out in advance that they be conformed to the image of His Son: Or, KJV: predistinate; ASV: foreordained; RHM: fore appointed; WMS: marked off; KNX: moulded into the image of his Son. The question is what did God mark out in advance, or foreordain. The Greek is PRO-ORISE (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4309), or, before-horizon. It is conformity to a certain image that God has foreordained. Compare 1 Corinthians 15:49 and see John 13:15. The Saints must reflect the image of Christ in their thinking, disposition and character, and in their life-style and daily walk. [1 Peter 2:21; Revelation 14:4] If Christ were God then the Saints would be patterned after God.

473	That he might be the Firstborn of many brothers: Or, MON: the eldest of a great brotherhood. Compare Hebrews 2:10-13. Christ and the Saints are “brothers” – all sons of God. On “firstborn” see Psalm 89:27 and Hebrews 1:6. If Christ were God the Saints would be brothers of God.

RO8:30 Now whomever He marked out in advance He also invited. 474 Those He invited these He also pronounced innocent; 475 and those whom He pronounced innocent, these He also glorified. 476

474

Now whomever He marked out in advance He also invited: Or, KJV: whom he did predestinate, them he also called; ASV: foreordained. God had foreordained firs the Jews and then the non-Jews to be invited. See notes on Ephesians 1:4. When the time came by means of His Son He invited the Jews to the celestial marriage. (Matthew 22:1-14) Later, as He had foreknown He invited non-Jews. Paul states this good news was prophesied in the case of Abraham. (Galatians 3:8)

475

Those He invited these He also pronounced innocent: Or, KJV: whom he called them he also justified; RHM: declared righteous; WEY: acquitted; GDS: makes upright; WMS: brings into right standing. See notes on Romans 5:18. The calling or invitation comes first, then justification. (1 Corinthians 6:11; Titus 3:7)

476

These He also glorified: Or, NEB: he has also given his splendour. Those invited and justified are now in a glorified state from the standpoint of God. See 2 Corinthians 3:7, 18; 4:6. The Greek is EDOXASEN [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1392, praise, honor, clothe with splendor] and have a variety of meanings.

Romans 8:31-34 – Who Accuses the Elect?

RO8:31 What, then, will we say? If The God is for us who will be against us? 477

477	If The God is for us who will be against us: Or, TCN: if God is on our side, who can there be against us. [NOTE: there is an interesting use of PROS (toward) to be compared to John 1:1. See notes on PROS at John 1:1]. A possible echo of Psalm 118:6 and elsewhere.

RO8:32 [The God], who did not spare His own Son but surrendered him in our behalf, 478 will He not also – together with [His Son] 479 – charitably give us everything? 480

478	Did not spare His own Son but surrendered him in our behalf: Or, KJV: spared not… delivered him up; CON: gave him up for us. The thought is overwhelming and beyond description! (John 3:16; 2 Corinthians 5:21) Compare notes on Romans 3:25 and 1 John 4:9.

479	Together with [His Son]: The Son shares in this charitable act of unmerited favor. (Philippians 2:5-7)

480	Will He not also… charitably give us everything: Or, KJV: freely give us all things; MOF: give us everything besides; NEB: and with this gift how can he fail to lavish upon us all he has to give. Compare Daniel 7:27 and the notes on Matthew 5:5 regarding the gift of everything.

RO8:33 Who will make an accusation against 481 God’s chosen ones? 482 God is the One who pronounces innocent! 483

481

Who will make an accusation against: Or, KJV: lay any thing to the charge; RHM: bring an accusation; CON: what accuser can harm; PME: dare to accuse us; NW: file an accusation. The Greek is ENG-KALESEI KATA Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1458 + Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #2596, or, in-call-against, as in bringing a charge against someone for a debt or something else. There is a strong echo here of Isaiah 50:8 in the LXX. Satan is one who accuses the Saints as he did Job. (Job 2:1-5; Revelation 12:10) Weak or wicked “brothers” make false accusations amounting to blasphemy. (See notes on 2 Peter 2:10.) Jewish and non-Jewish opponents also falsely accuse. (See notes on Romans 3:8; Colossians 1:22.)

482	God’s chosen ones: The Greek is ECLECTON (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1588) and means elect or chosen. It is a designation used of Israel and the members of the Christian Church.

483

God is the One who pronounces innocent: See notes on the words justify or DIKAION. If the Judge of All the Earth (Genesis 18:25) declares a person not guilty or innocent from sin who dare utter any kind of accusation against them? (Hebrews 10:17, 18) Reflect on this matter in the context of gossip and slander.

RO8:34 Who is the one judging against [them]? 484 Christ Jesus – the one who died – rather, [the one] who was raised up from those dead – who is at the right hand of The God [Psalm 110:1] – who also pleads our case [Isaiah 53:12] in our behalf. 485

484	Who is the one judging against [them]: Or, KJV: who is he that condemneth; CON: what judge can doom us. The Greek is KATA-KRINON (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1458), or, down-judge. See notes on Matthew 7:1 and Romans 14:10.

485

Also pleads our case [Isaiah 53:12] in our behalf: Or, KJV: maketh intercession; NEB: pleads our cause. There seems an allusion here to the Hebrew Text of Isaiah 53:12 which uses the word PAGA [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #6293], to make intercession. Compare Hebrews 7:25 and the notes on 1 John 2:1. The image of our Master before the Throne arguing our case as a defense attorney is refreshing, indeed.

Romans 8:35-39 – Complete Victory

RO8:35 Who will separate us from the compassionate affection of Christ? 486 Oppression? 487 Distress? 488 Persecution? 489 Food shortage? 490 Lack of clothing? 491 Danger? 492 Execution? 493

486

Who will separate us from the compassionate affection of Christ: Or, MOF: part us. On the love of Christ for his Church see the notes on Ephesians 5:24-32. Paul now joyously bursts into one of his famous lists. Note the qualification of John 15:10, 14. It would appear that this first list involves factors that could cause a believer to separate self from Christ.

487

Oppression: Or, trouble, tribulation, anguish, suffering, hardships. The Christian may live under an oppressive government or be oppressed by that government. See notes on Revelation 7:14 and the Great Oppression. (See notes on 2 Thessalonians 1:5-7.) Prayers: Psalm 43:2; 55:11; 71:4; 72:14. A Christian will not let such oppression separate them from Christ.

488	Distress: Or, difficulty, anguish, calamity, misfortune. Time and circumstance call distress to befall all. The Christian will not allow world conditions to stumble. Prayers: Psalm 4:1; 9:9; 18:6; 20:1; 32:7. A Christian will not let distressful experiences separate them from Christ.

489

Persecution: The Christian will be exposed to a variety of forms of persecution: in family, in work, in school, in life. This persecution should be for Christian faith and not improper conduct. Read 1 Peter chapters 2-4 on Christian suffering. Prayers: Psalm 119:86, 161. A Christian will not let persecution separate them from Christ.

490

Food shortage: Or, famine, lack of food. The Christian may live in a country where famine strikes. Or, because of persecution and circumstances in life low on, or out of, food. Note Paul’s experience at 1 Corinthians 4:11; 2 Corinthians 11:27; Philippians 4:12. Prayers: Psalm 33:19; 37:19. The Christian should never blame God for the circumstances He permits. Compare notes on Matthew 24:7 and Matthew 25:35. A Christian will not let a shortage of food separate them from Christ.

491

Lack of clothing: Or, nakedness, lack of clothing. Compare Paul’s circumstances at 1 Corinthians 4:11 and 2 Corinthians 11:27. See notes on Matthew 25:36. (Isaiah 58:7) The thought is less of nakedness as improperly clothed for the conditions: whether extreme heat or cold. The Christian cannot let poor or inadequate clothing separate him from Christ.

492	Danger: Or, peril, threats. Danger may befall anyone. (Ecclesiastes 9:11) The Christian can never let the result of danger, whether injury or death, separate them from Christ. On “danger” see Paul’s list of types at 2 Corinthians 11:26. (Philippians 2:30) Prayer: Psalm 7.

493

Execution: Or, sword, violence. Jesus foretold death for one’s faith at John 16:2. During the Great Oppression before the Return of Christ the Saints can expect executions. (See notes on Revelation 13:7, 10.) Prayers: Psalm 22:20; 144:10. Many Christians proved themselves faithful unto death. (Revelation 12:11) Note that sword which came against Jesus. (Zechariah 13:7)

RO8:36 Just as it has been written, 494 “For Your sake we are being put to death all day long! We have been considered sheep for slaughter.” [Psalm 44:22]

494	Just as it has been written: Paul quotes Psalm 44:22 and applies the principle to the Christian Church. The Saints are likened to sheep for slaughter even as was Jesus. (Isaiah 53:7; Acts 8:32)

RO8:37 However, in all of these things we are victorious 495 by means of the One showing compassionate affection for us.

495

In all of these things we are victorious: Or, KJV: more than conquerors; WMS: keeps on gloriously conquering; PME: an overwhelming victory. See notes on 1 John 4:4, 1 John 5:4, Revelation 3:21. (2 Corinthians 2:14) Paul’s list of those things that might separate a disciple from Christ’s love may be conquered by the very love of Christ.

RO8:38 For I am convinced that neither 496 death, 497 nor life, 498 nor angels, 499 nor rulers, 500 nor things present, 501 nor things future, 502 nor powers, 503

496

For I am convinced that neither: Or, MOF: I am certain; MON: fully persuaded; WMS: full assurance; PME: absolutely convinced. Paul lists exactly ten things that can never separate the Church from God’s love through Jesus Christ. Any one of these could separate an individual if the disciple permits it. Compare 1 Corinthians 3:22.

497	Death: Death cannot separate us from God for He has conquered death by means of Jesus Christ. (Hebrews 2:14) Compare Song of Solomon 8:6.

498	Life: Nothing in “life” can separate us from God’s love unless we permit it. Paul has in mind that shame-life which appears to be reality and which revolves around ourselves. There is a “real life” beyond mere material pursuit and self-preservation. (1 Timothy 6:19)

499	Angels: There are “angels” which may wish to separate us from God. These “angels” are under the dominion of God’s enemy, Satan. (Matthew 24:46; Galatians 1:8; Revelation 12:7)

500

Rulers: There are “rulers” beyond this realm which represent darkness. Paul describes them (see notes on Ephesians 6:12) and lists those characteristics by which we can defeat such powers wishing to control our lives. There are human “rulers” who by fear and intimidation, oppression and persecution, wish to dominate our faith.

501	Things present: Some have chosen to live in the “now” as though it is the only thing real – the past dissolved, the future unrealized. A whole generation has been called the Now Generation and as a result reaped a whirlwind.

502

Things future: Some live their entire lives in the future, always expecting something else, something better. They “plan ahead for fleshly desire.” Not only is the present totally focused on themselves, so also is the future. See notes on Romans 13:14. Nor can misconceptions or false hopes about the future nurtured by false prophets lead us away from God’s love lest we permit it. (See notes on Matthew 24:24) Some have sold their souls for the future. (Luke 12:17-20; James 4:13, 14).

503

Powers: There are powers of light and darkness, of good and evil. There are powers beyond our control and within our control. (Ephesians 6:12) Some use power in beauty, riches, intelligence, social standing, or fleshly desire to control others. There is no power or dynamic force or person who need separate us from God’s love.

RO8:39 nor height, nor depth, 504 nor any other creation 505 will ever be able to separate us from God’s compassionate affection 506 in Christ Jesus our Master. 507

504

Nor height, nor depth: Not the height above us, nor the depths below us. There is no distance of space, no cosmic dimensions, not light years of time, that can ever separate us from God’s love. His love is boundless. There is no limit to its height or depth. Also, no height of elation or promise should separate us from Him. No depth of despair, no pit of depression can make God move away from us. We seek not the height of human achievement, or the depth of human degradation. (1 Corinthians 3:22)

505	Nor any other creation: No creature or power of creation. Nothing in the created universe beyond our comprehension can break God’s love for us. We may allow a “creature” impose on our love and insist on sharing our love for God, but it will not be Him who moved.

506	Will ever be able to separate us from God’s compassionate affection: Or, TCN: the love of God revealed in Christ Jesus. The sum total of everything that is in the cosmic universe is unable to break God’s love for us.

507	In Christ Jesus our Master: God’s love is never apart from His own Son for whom He first expressed His love and through whom He demonstrates His love to all.

Summary of Chapter Eight

We come to one of the most beloved chapters in the Christian Bible. It surely ought to be one each Nazarene disciple learns AND understands. From the Law Paul moves to the spirit, or Pneuma, among his favorite words. Among those united in Christ as his disciples there are two kinds of minds: the fleshly and the spiritual (the Pneumatic). One leads to death and the other to life and peace. No fleshly-minded Christian can ever pleased God.

If the spirit of God dwells within then the Christian lives, not in harmony with the flesh, but with the spirit. The sinful body is deadened by and to sin if Christ resides within, leading to life because of righteousness. If God’s spirit dwells within then this dying body will be changed into a truly living one just as Christ was raised up from the dead.

Having discussed the unseen thing hoped for, Paul addresses this weakness in prayers. It is not always possible to know what to pray for as the occasion arises. Paul explains how the “spirit” of the praying disciple is understood by God and so silent moans make their pleadings before Him. God’s works cooperate with these prayers on behalf of the Saints in harmony with His purpose. Paul explains this “cooperation” or synergy on God’s part in arranging for everything in advance. The sons of God have been pre-arranged to be patterned after their eldest brother, Jesus.

Paul begins to summarize his arguments. He gives two reasons why none should accuse the Elect: God Himself was willing to sacrifice His own Son in behalf of the Church; and, Christ is the one who pleads the case of the chosen ones. Who, then, can possible make a judgment against the Saints? Paul uses Psalm 110:1 and Isaiah 53:12 as part of his argument.

Considered by some as one of the most sublime portions of Holy Scripture, Paul bursts into a crescendo of praise for the love of God by means of Christ Jesus. He first lists seven possible obstacles to God’s love. Though treated as sheep for the slaughter by oppressive powers, he assures the Church that victory is already attained. Paul expresses his conviction regarding ten things that will never separate us from God’s love in Jesus.

Review Questions on Chapter Eight