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Nazarene Commentary 2000©

21^st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© –
21^st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures© [NCMM]

THE LETTER TO THE HEBREWS

CHAPTER TEN:
“A SACRIFICE ENTERS THE MOST HOLY”

Theme Verse: 19

Hebrews 10:1-4 – Law a Shadow

HE10:1 For the Law is a shadow of good things in the future, 396 but not the exact image of those things. 397 Therefore, these very regular sacrifices offered up 398 are unable to perfect 399 those [worshippers] who approach daily.

396

Law is a shadow of good things in the future: Or, KJV: for the law having a shadow of good things to come; GDS: the law foreshadowed the blessings that were to come; NOR: benefits in store; PME: the law possessed only a dim outline of the benefits Christ would bring; TCN: the law, though able to foreshadow the better system which as coming. Compare Colossians 2:17 and Hebrews 8:5. The Tabernacle features of the Law cast a rough outline of what could be expected in the future. Paul words at 1 Corinthians 13:12 may include the Law’s shadows.

397	Not the exact image of those things: Or, KJV: not the very image of the things; BAS: not the true image; WEY: not a perfect representation of the realities; RSV: true form of these realities.

398	These very regular sacrifices offered up: Or, ASV: they offer. The language may suggest the Temple offerings still continued when Paul wrote Hebrews.

399	Unable to perfect: Or, NEB: bring the worshippers to perfection for all time. Paul may have particularly in mind the priests who served at the Tabernacle. [Hebrews 7:19; 9:9] The word “perfect” is from the Greek TELEIOSAI [TELOS] and may mean bring to maturity, bring to fulfillment.

HE10:2 For is it not likely that these sacrificial offerings would have ceased 400 if they had indeed cleansed completely 401 the consciences of those 402 who offered up sacred worship?

400

Offerings would have ceased: Had the sacrifices truly cleansed the conscience of these worshippers they would only have to make such offerings once. It seems likely that these worshippers knew such animal sacrifices could not cleanse the conscience perfectly. It would take some greater than all those animal sacrifices.

401	Cleansed completely: Or, purged, purified.

402	Consciences of those: Or, no more consciousness of sins. [Galatians 3:21] It is not a mere abstract cleansing, but Paul involves the important fact – the conscience. Compare Romans 2:15, 16. See notes on SYNEIDESIN and related words elsewhere. [1 Corinthians chapters 8, 10]

HE10:3 But rather there is an ongoing reminder of these sins 403 throughout the year.

403	There is an ongoing reminder of these sins: Or, KJV: there is a remembrance again made of sins every year; RHM: a recalling to mind of sins year by year; MOF: an annual reminder. [Leviticus 16:30, 34]

HE10:4 For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sin. 404

404

It is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sin: Or, remove sins. The Prophets suggested the same. Compare Isaiah 1:11 and Micah 6:7. On the matter of the forgiveness of sins one must be aware that there is a qualified and unqualified – a limited and an unlimited – way to express this. Often the Hebrew Bible mentions the forgiveness of sins, but this must be viewed in a qualified and not an absolute sense. For Paul says if that the sacrifices under the Mosaic Law had actually unconditionally forgiven sins there would be no memory of these. Indeed, the conscience would be perfect clear one for all time.

Hebrews 10:5-10 – What a Son Says

HE10:5 With regard to these [sacrifices] [the Messiah] says 405 upon entering the world order of humanity, 406 “‘You did not want sacrifices and sin-offerings, 407 but You arranged a body for me. 408

405	With regard to these [sacrifices] [the Messiah] says: Or, KJV: wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith; RSV: consequently, when Christ came; MON: the Christ, on coming into the world, declared. These are paraphrases of the likely meaning.

406	Upon entering the world order of humanity: Or, the world. The Greek is KOSMOS referring to the arrangement among mankind with its social order in religious, commercial and political elements.

407	You did not want sacrifices and sin-offerings: Paul quotes Psalm 40:6-8 to prove YHWH did not want these Hebrew offerings as the ultimate manner of forgiving human sin. Compare a preview of this at Psalm 50:8 and Amos 5:27.

408

You arranged a body for me: Or, KJV: but a body hast thou prepared me; RHM: RHM: fitted for me; TCN: provided for me a body. The wording is from the third century BCE Jewish Greek Septuagint. The Hebrew Text reads, “You pierced my ears.” This may be an allusion to what happened to a Hebrew slave who chose to remain in the master’s house by having his ear lobe pierced against the master’s doorframe. The work Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament: A Complete Survey [Archer & Chieichigno], pages 68, 69, states: “The NT uses synecdoche (the whole for the part); the ears represent the entire body of the servant of Yahweh, listening and attentive to the voice of God’s command.”

HE10:6 You did not approve holocausts 409 and sin-offerings.’

409	Holocausts: The Greek is HOLOCAUTOMATA [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #3646, wholly consumed sacrifice].

HE10:7 Then it was that I spoke: ‘Behold, I have come – in a heading of a small bible 410 it has been written about me – to do The God’s will.’” 411 [Psalm 40:6-8]

410

In a heading of a small bible: Or, KJV: in the volume of the book it is written about me; RHM: in the heading of the scroll it is written concerning me; WMS: just as the Scripture writes about me in the book. The Greek for scroll or book is BIBLIOU. Some see this phrase as a reference to various Messianic prophecies beginning with Genesis 3:15.

411	To do The God’s will: Or, KJV: to do thy will, O God. The Greek has HO THEOS, or “The God.”

HE10:8 For after saying, “You did not want sacrifices and sin-offerings… and You did not approve holocausts and sin-offerings” – which are offered according to the Law [of Moses] – HE10:9 then [Messiah] said, “Behold, I have come to do Your will.” 412 He removes the first [Law covenant] to establish the second [New Covenant]. 413

412	I have come to do Your will: The “You” is YHWH as Psalm 40:4. Thus the Davidic Messiah-type speaks of “my God” [Psalm 40:8] as Jesus does in Revelation 3:12.

413

He removes the first [Law covenant] to establish the second [New Covenant]: Or, KJV: he taketh away the first, that he may establish the second; NEB: he annuls the former to establish the later; BAS: he took away the old order, so that he might put the new order in its place. The “first” may be those earlier sacrifices in contrast with the “second” sacrifice of that “prepared body.” [Compare Hebrews 8:13] On the end or fulfillment of the Law of Moses see notes under law in Romans and Galatians.

HE10:10 By this “will” we are being sanctified 414 through the offering of the “body” of Jesus Christ once for all time. 415

414	By this “will” we are being sanctified: Or, KJV: by the which will we are sanctified; RHM: made holy. Compare Hebrews 13:12. Research the word group “sanctify” in Nazarene Commentary 2000©.

415	The offering of the “body” of Jesus Christ once for all time: Or, once for all, once. Compare Ephesians 5:2; Romans 6:10; Hebrews 9:28. The “body” [or, SOMA] of Jesus Christ is offered up or sacrificed. [1 Peter 3:18]

Hebrews 10:11-18 – One Perpetual Sacrifice

HE10:11 Indeed, also, every priest takes his position daily to conduct worship 416 services and [he] approaches regularly with sacrifices which are never able to remove sins. 417

416	Every priest takes his position daily to conduct worship: Or, KJV: every priest standeth daily ministering; NEB: performing his service daily; GDS: every other priest stands officiating day by day. Compare Exodus 29:38; Numbers 28:3; 1 Samuel 2:28; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 1 Chronicles 29:11.

417	Sacrifices which are never able to remove sins: Or, KJV: which can never take away sins; RHM: the which never can clear away sins; GDS: though they are powerless ever to remove people’s sins. [Hebrews 7:18, 27; 10:1] Paul means, “remove sins” perfectly.

HE10:12 However, after this Person approached with a single sacrifice 418 accomplishing the covering of sins [perpetually], 419 he sat down at the right hand of The God. 420 [Psalm 110:1]

418	After this Person approached with a single sacrifice: Or, Or, KJV: but this man; WMS: this One; WEY: this priest; KJV: after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever; RHM: having offered one sacrifice for sins evermore; GDS: has offered for all time one sacrifice for sin. [Hebrews 9:28]

419	Accomplishing the covering of sins [perpetually]: Or, for ever.

420

He sat down at the right hand of The God: Or, took his seat. Paul quotes Psalm 110:1, one of his favored texts. Research Psalm 110:1 in Nazarene Commentary 2000©. The verse is referenced at least in Hebrews 1:3, 13; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2. See notes on Jesus’ use of Psalm 110:1 at Matthew 22:44. [Matthew 26:64] The verse also occurs at Acts 2:33, 34; 5:31; 7:55, 56; Romans 8:34; Ephesians 1:20; Colossians 3:1; 1 Peter 3:22. The prophetic psalm was fulfilled upon Christ’s ascension to heaven. [Daniel 7:13]

HE10:13 From that time onward [he] waits until 421 his enemies are placed as a footstool for his feet. 422

421

From that time onward [he] waits until: 1 Corinthians 15:24-28 shows Messiah must begin his reign first and then wait for all enemies to be subdued. This is consistent with what Jesus taught in his parables. [Matthew 25:14; Luke 19:12] Christ does not ‘wait to rule’, he ‘rules waiting.’ Paul applies a similar Psalm at Hebrews 2:8, 9.

422

His enemies are placed as a footstool for his feet: Paul continues with another phrase from Psalm 110:1 converting the personal pronoun to “his.” Paul also alludes to Psalm 110:1 at 1 Corinthians 15:25 and indicates the “last enemy” to be subdued or rendered ineffective is death. This agrees with Revelation 20:11-13 where Death is destroyed after the Devil.

HE10:14 For by a single offering he has accomplished the perfecting 423 of those who are being sanctified. 424

423

By a single offering he has accomplished the perfecting: Or, KJV: for by one offering he hath perfected for ever; GDS: he has forever qualified; WMS: made perfect for all time. Compare notes on Hebrews 7:11, 19; 9:28. This “perfecting” is an ongoing action shown by the following phrase. In this the Saint also participates as 2 Corinthians 7:1.

424

Those who are being sanctified: Or, made complete, made holy, consecrated, purified. Sanctification is a process which is ongoing throughout the Saint’s life. [2 Corinthians 7:1; Philippians 2:12; 1 Thessalonians 4:1-3] The Nazarene taught his disciples were sanctified also by the Truth. [John 17:17]

HE10:15 Additionally, the holy Pneuma testifies to us, for later it has spoken to us: 425

425

The holy Pneuma testifies to us, for later it has spoken to us: Or, KJV: whereof the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after he had said before; WEY: his testimony; BER: affirms; KNX: add his testimony. While some add “he” others do not. The context shows the Pneuma speaks through Jeremiah. Nowhere does Paul affirm the Holy Spirit is a person. He refers to the Pneuma as “it” in a context similar to this here in Hebrews. [Romans 8:16] This verse clarifies how the Pneuma “speaks” to us in the Church.

HE10:16 “This is the covenant that I will covenant 426 toward them 427 after those days, YHWH is saying. 428 I will put my laws upon their hearts. 429 I shall accurately write them upon their minds.” 430

426	This is the covenant that I will covenant: Or, KJV: this is the covenant that I will make with them; GDS: agreement. Paul quotes Jeremiah 31:31-33 and applies it to the Christian Saints.

427	Them: Paul applies the “them” to the Saints within the House of The God. [Hebrews 10:21]

428

YHWH is saying: The Greek is LEGEI KYRIOS, or literally, “is saying Lord.” There is no article to suggest “the Lord” as the KJV has it. Though the article does appear in some of Paul’s quotes regarding “the Lord” (or, Yehowah) in the Hebrew Scriptures, the wording could suggest YHWH would occur here.

429

I will put my laws upon their hearts: Or, KJV: I will put my laws into their hearts; TCN: I will impress my laws on their hearts. Paul alludes to Jeremiah 31:31-33 at Romans 2:15 in the context of conscience. How does God do this? It is by reducing all the Law to one simple principle, “Love thy neighbor.” [Galatians 5:14]

430

I shall accurately write them upon their minds: Or, understanding, innermost thoughts. The Greek is DIANOIAN [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1271, deep thought, imagination, mind, understanding]. Here both the heart and the mind are involved. Not the heart only, but also the mind. Compare notes on Hebrews 8:10.

HE10:17 Then, “Their sins and lawlessness I shall never remember any more.” 431 [Jeremiah 31:31, 32]

431	Their sins and lawlessness I shall never remember any more: Or, WMS: never any more recall; RHM: in no wise be mindful any more. Compare Jeremiah 31:34; Hebrews 8:12.

HE10:18 Now where there is a forgiveness of these there is no longer any need of an offering 432 regarding sin.

432	Where there is a forgiveness of these there is no longer any need of an offering: Or, ABU: no longer a sin-offering; BEC: no more sacrificing for sin; TCN: no further need of an offering. [John 8:36; 20:23]

Hebrews 10:19-25 – Hold Fast a Bold Entrance

HE10:19 Therefore, brothers, possessing a boldness regarding the Way 433 into the Holy Places by the blood of Jesus 434 –

433

Possessing a boldness regarding the Way: Or, KJV: boldness to enter into; ABU: boldness for the entrance into; MON: a cheerful confidence; GDS: free access; RHM: freedom of speech for the entrance through. Compare John 14:6; Romans 5:2. The boldness to approach God with a freeness of speech is based on confidence in the blood of the Lamb.

434

Into the Holy Places by the blood of Jesus: Or, KJV: the holiest; ABU: holy places. Some choose the singular, while others the plural. The Greek is HAGION [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #39]. Some would emphasize only the entrance into the Most Holy, however the Jewish chief priest must enter both the first compartment – the Holy Place – and then after into the Most Holy. Thus, the tabernacle is a type of celestial or heavenly matters. Perhaps the fact that the exterior objects of worship are made of copper and the inner objects are gold proves a separation between the two. There is something to follow which supports this view.

HE10:20 which he originated in our behalf 435 [in] a living and fleshly-slaughtered [Exodus 29:11] manner 436 by means of the curtain [that is, his flesh] 437 –

435	Which he originated in our behalf: Or, KJV: which he hath consecrated for us; ABU: instituted; ASV: dedicated; TCN: inaugurated; CON: opened.

436	In a living and fleshly-slaughtered manner: Or, KJV: a new and living way; RHM: recent and living. The Greek is PROSPHATON [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4372, previously (recently) slain (fresh)]. The allusion is to a newly slaughtered lamb and agrees with the vision in Revelation 5:6.

437

By means of the curtain [that is, his flesh]: Or, KJV: through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; AMP: separating curtain; TCN: through the sanctuary curtain. Some versions are reluctant to say “flesh” and opt for mortality, human nature. The Greek is SARCOS [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4561, flesh]. Paul has already alluded to this action on the part of Christ at Hebrews 6:20. On “flesh” compare John 6:51, 1 Timothy 3:16, Hebrews 2:14, Hebrews 5:7, 1 Peter 3:18, 1 Peter 4:1, 1 John 4:2, 2 John 7. Paul applies the symbol of the curtain to the flesh of Christ.

HE10:21 a great Priest over the House of The God 438 [Zechariah 6:11-13] –

438	A great Priest over the House of The God: Or, WEY: a great priest who has authority; BEC: in charge of God’s family. Compare Hebrews 3:6. It seems possible the phrase is from Zechariah 6:13.

HE10:22 may we continue to approach [The God] 439 with a true heart in complete conviction 440 – our hearts having been sprinkled 441 [Exodus 24:6] from a wicked conscience 442 and our body bathed in clean water. 443 [Exodus 30:18, 19]

439	May we continue to approach [The God]: Or, KJV: let us draw nigh; ABU: let us come with; TCN: draw near to God; WMS: let us continue to draw near to God.

440	With a true heart in complete conviction: Or, KJV: a true heart in full assurance of faith; RHM: genuine heart; TCN: in all sincerity of heart and perfect faith. The approach to God must be without a trace of doubt in full conviction. Compare the notes on Romans 4:20, 21.

441	Our hearts having been sprinkled: Or, MOF: sprinkled clean. The word “sprinkled” alludes to the blood from the copper altar in the courtyard of the Tabernacle, drawing upon Exodus 24:6. Compare Hebrews 9:13, 19, 21; 1 Peter 1:2,

442

From a wicked conscience: Or, KJV: evil conscience; MOF: bad conscience; WEY: conscience oppressed with sin; TCN: all consciousness of wrong; BEC: take away our guilty feelings; WMS: the sense of sin. Compare Hebrews 13:18 and 1 John 1:7. The Greek for “conscience” [with + knowledge] is SYNEIDESEOS [with + knowledge]. Research the word conscience and see 1 Corinthians chapters 8, 10 where “conscience” appears most often. Deep conviction in the blood of Christ as a cleansing power results in a completely clear conscience. Paul explains the conscience at Romans 2:15.

443

Our body bathed in clean water: Or, KJV: our bodies washed with pure water. Paul alludes to the copper water basin in the Tabernacle courtyard where the priests cleansed themselves. He may draw on Exodus 30:18, 19. The phrases demonstrate that the Saints now serve in the antitypical courtyard where the altar and basin may be found. Compare the notes on Revelation 11:2 in Nazarene Commentary 2000©. Upon their resurrection or rapture they will begin to serve as priests in the antitypical holy compartments of a spiritual Tabernacle. [Revelation 20:4] Note in Revelation the numerous allusions to the Tabernacle. There are over 100 words drawn from the priestly services in the Tabernacle. [See Nazarene Apocalypse 2000©]

HE10:23 May we continue holding firmly the confession of the Hope without faltering, 444 for the One who promised is completely trustworthy. 445

444

Continue holding firmly the confession of the Hope without faltering: Or, KJV: let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; TCN: maintain the confession of our hope unshaken; WEY: unflinching avowal of our hope; BER: our grip on the hope we confess; KNX: do not let us waver in acknowledging the hope we cherish. Compare the notes on Romans 10:8, 9. [Hebrews 3:6; 6:19]

445

For the One who promised is completely trustworthy: Or, KJV: for he is faithful that promised; WMS: for is to be trusted who has made the promise; TCN: will not fail use; MOF: we can rely on. The Rock is a solid anchor. [1 Thessalonians 5:24; Joshua 23:14] The word “promise” occurs most often in Hebrews with Galatians second. [Hebrews 4:1; 6:12, 15, 17; 7:6; 8:6; 9:15; 10:23, 36; 11:9, 10, 11, 13, 17, 33, 39; 12:26]

HE10:24 Also, may we show consideration to one another, 446 stirring up like a fire among ourselves compassionate affection and good works. 447

446	May we show consideration to one another: Or, KJV: and let us consider one another; RHM: attentively consider; WEY: bestow thought on one another; TCN: vie with one another. [Romans 12:10, 16; 1 Corinthians 10:23; Philippians 2:4] Consideration is the root of love.

447

Stirring up like a fire among ourselves compassionate affection and good works: Or, KJV: to provoke unto love and to good works; ABU: incite; WMS: stimulate one another to love and good deeds; WEY: arousing one another brotherly love and right conduct; TCN: rivalry of love. The Greek for “paroxysm” is PAROXYSMON [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #3948] and comes from the bellows of the ironsmith. Note its occurrence in a negative sense at Acts 15:39. Excellent or good words [or, deeds] are often works of charity.

HE10:25 May we not quit our assembling together in meetings 448 as is the custom of some persons. 449 Rather, continue to be encouraging, 450 and so much more as you behold the Day drawing closer. 451

448

May we not quit our assembling together in meetings: Or, KJV: not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together; KNX: common assembly; BER: not neglecting our church meetings; NEB: not staying away from our meetings. Christians met in assembly in house churches or public areas just as the Jews in their synagogues. Indeed, the Greek word here is EPISYNAGOGEN [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #1997]. Thus, a Nazarene Synagogue was common among the early Church. [Deuteronomy 31:12; Acts 2:42; 20:8] Note Paul’s brief description of early meetings in 1 Corinthians chapter 14. Compare Ephesians 2:10; 1 Timothy 2:10; James 2:14-17; 1 John 3:17, 18.

449

As is the custom of some persons: Or, KJV: as is the manner of some; WEY: as some habitually do. The Nazarene Community is an association of Christians who, where possible, regularly meet together for mutual encouragement. [Romans 1:11, 12] The purpose of these meetings is to grow in knowledge, maturity, and communal love. [Ephesians 4:11-16] It is a sad comment that from the beginning some Christians did not maintain the good habit of regular meeting attendance. Indeed, it may be a signal of growing spiritual weakness to refrain from meeting to mutually encourage others in love. Church attendance in the modern world is down in general throughout the world, though the events of September 11, 2001 have seen in increase in some areas.

450	Continue to be encouraging: Or, KJV: be exhorting one another; BER: giving mutual encouragement; MON: admonishing one another. One of the key purposes of the Nazarene Synagogue is for mutual strengthening and exhortation to love, good works, and mature growth.

451

And so much more as you behold the Day drawing closer: Or, PME: and this the more earnestly as we see the final day drawing ever nearer. Paul’s stress is not on the meetings but on the mutual encouragement at those meetings. It is likely the “Day” he has in mind is that of the desolation of Jerusalem as foretold by the Nazarene. [Luke 21:20] However, the point is well taken by contemporary Saints.

Hebrews 10:26-31 – Trampling on Christ’s Blood

HE10:26 For our sinning willingly 452 after we receive the heightened knowledge of the Truth 453 removes any sacrifice regarding sins. 454

452

For our sinning willingly: Or, sin willfully, willfully persist in sin, by choice we be sinning, sin deliberately, do evil on purpose. Clearly a motive and agenda is involved in this habitual practice of sin. There is no such thing as “once save always saved” from a Nazarene perspective. Compare notes on Hebrews 6:4ff. [James 4:17; 2 Peter 2:21; 1 John 5:16] The following phrase indicates that this “sin” involves treading on the blood of Christ and treating his sacrifice as of no particular value. Paul also compares this “sin” with such that would deserve stoning under the Law of Moses. The Nazarene taught, “Every type of sin and blasphemy will be forgiven but the blaspheming against the Pneuma will not be forgiven.” [Matthew 12:31] His beloved apostle wrote about two kinds of sin, the more serious which could result in Second Death. [1 John 5:16, 17; Revelation 20:14] It is seems likely Paul has in mind an apostate rebellion against God and the sacrifice of His Son.

453	After we receive the heightened knowledge of the Truth: Or, KJV: after that we have received the knowledge of the truth; RHM: full-knowledge; GDS: so fully learned; PME: known and accepted. Paul has in mind a person with a mature understanding of what is right and wrong. [Hebrews 5:14]

454	Removes any sacrifice regarding sins: Or, KJV: there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins; RHM: no longer for sins is there left over a sacrifice; GDS: there is no sacrifice left to be offered for our sins. Compare 1 John 2:1.

HE10:27 But rather there remains some fearful expectation of condemnation, 455 a fiery zeal 456 [Isaiah 26:11 LXX] ready to consume the rebellious. 457 [Deuteronomy 17:6]

455

But rather there remains some fearful expectation of condemnation: Or, KJV: but a certain fearful looking for of judgment; MOF: nothing but an awful outlook of doom; WMS: only a terrifying prospect of judgment. One cannot habitually sin against his neighbor and God with impunity, as though God were not the judge of humankind’s actions.

456	A fiery zeal: Or, fiery indignation, fierceness of fire, wrathful fire, fury of fire, burning indignation, blazing indignation, fiery jealousy. Possibly drawing on Isaiah 26:11.

457

Ready to consume the rebellious: Or, KJV: devour the adversaries; WEY: enemies of God; TCN: destroy all opponents; KNX: the rebellious. Paul has in mind, not the sin of the genuine worshipper of God, but the apostate. He draws on Deuteronomy 17:6. By the use of “rebellious” Paul explains what he meant in verse 26.

HE10:28 Any person who disregards the Law of Moses dies without compassion 458 upon the testimony of two or three. 459 [Deuteronomy 19:15]

458

Any person who disregards the Law of Moses dies without compassion: The first seven of the Ten Commandments were punishable by death. Those sins which required the death penalty involved: (1) blasphemy (Leviticus 24:14, 16, 23); (2) worship of any god other than Jehovah, idolatry in any form (Leviticus 20:2; Deuteronomy 13:6, 10, 13-15; 17:2-7; Numbers 25:1-9); (3) witchcraft, spiritism (Exodus 22:18; Leviticus 20:27); (4) false prophecy (Deuteronomy 13:5; 18:20); (5) Sabbath breaking (Numbers 15:32-36; Exodus 31:14; 35:2); (6) murder (Numbers 35:30, 31); (7) adultery (Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22); (8) woman marrying with false claim of being a virgin (Deuteronomy 22:21); (9) intercourse with engaged girl (Deuteronomy 22:23-27); (10) incest (Leviticus 18:6-17, 29; 20:11, 12, 14); (11) sodomy (Leviticus 18:22; 20:13); (12) bestiality (Leviticus 18:23; 20:15, 16); (13) kidnapping (Exodus 21:16; Deuteronomy 24:7); (14) striking or reviling a parent (Exodus 21:15, 17); (15) bearing false witness, in a case where the penalty for the one testified against would be death (Deuteronomy 19:16-21); (16) coming near to the tabernacle if not authorized (Numbers 17:13; 18:7).

459

The testimony of two or three: Paul alludes to Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15. This is a point referenced by the Nazarene. [John 8:17] Paul refers to the principle. [2 Corinthians 13:1] It is clear that under the Law of Moses the death penalty could only be applied if there were three witnesses, and not circumstantial evidence.

HE10:29 How much worse do you think the punishment will be 460 for the person who has trampled underfoot the Son of The God? 461 Who has esteemed the blood of the covenant [Exodus 24:8] – in which he was sanctified 462 – as something common, 463 [and thus] outrageously scorned the pneuma of unmerited favor? 464

460

How much worse do you think the punishment will be: Those who died by stoning under the Law will be raised to be judged by the Great Judge with the possibility of a new life on earth. [Acts 24:15; Revelation 20:11-13] Those in the Church who trample on the Son of God can only expect to be cast out for that judgment upon the hypocrites. [Matthew 7:21-23; John 5:29; 2 Corinthians 5:10] Compare 1 Peter 4:18.

461

The person who has trampled underfoot the Son of The God: Or, KJV: trodden under foot the Son of God; MOF: spurned; PME: poured scorn on. Compare the notes on Hebrews 6:6. [Philippians 3:18] Thus Paul makes it clear the severe degree of this kind of habitual sin – it is a sin against Christ’s blood.

462	In which he was sanctified: Or, purified. This is a sinner once sanctified and who has now returned to the “dog’s vomit.” [2 Peter 2:20-22]

463

Who has esteemed the blood of the covenant… as something common: Or, KJV: KJV: and hath counted the blood of the covenant… an unholy thing; WMS: a common thing; LAM: ordinary blood; RHM: a profane thing; GDS: as worthless; TCN: as of no account. Paul again alludes to Exodus 24:8 and applies the phrase to the New Covenant. This is a person who has rejected the Sacrifice of Christ and thus there is no longer a sin-offering to cover this apostasy. As one Christian teacher once claimed, ‘the death of Christ had as much value as sticking a pin in a fly.’

464

Outrageously scorned the pneuma of unmerited favor: Or, KJV: and hath done despite unto the spirit of grace; RHM: unto the spirit of favour hath offered wanton insult; ABU: affronted; KNX: mocked at the spirit. Whether this is The Holy Pneuma or the character and attribute of Grace is open to discussion. If it be the former then Ephesians 4:30 is a good cross-reference, though the degree of sin here may be more than ‘grieving’ God’s Pneuma.

HE10:30 For we realize the One who said: “Vengeance is mine. 465 I will repay.” [Deuteronomy 32:35] And, again: “YHWH will judge His People.” 466 [Deuteronomy 32:26]

465	Vengeance is mine: Paul quotes Deuteronomy 32:35 and brings the character of Yehowah into the Christian Bible, and God the Father.

466

YHWH will judge His People: Again Paul quotes Deuteronomy 32:36. In the Hebrew Text [and the oldest versions of the Septuagint] YHWH would have occurred in the verse. The Greek lacks the article before KYRIOS strongly suggesting Yehowah. Compare notes on Romans 12:19 where Paul also cites Deuteronomy 32:35, 36.

HE10:31 It is a dreadful matter to fall into the hands of a Living God. 467

467

It is a dreadful matter to fall into the hands of a Living God: Or, awful, terrifying, fearful. Compare also Hebrews 12:29. Here this is surely the Old Testament God Yehowah. Paul does not avoid the word “fear” when it comes to God. [Romans 3:18; 2 Corinthians 5:11; 2 Corinthians 7:1; Colossians 3:22] Or, even Christ. [Ephesians 5:21]

Hebrews 10:32-34 – Keep Remembering the Past

HE10:32 However, continue to remember the earlier days 468 when [you] were first illuminated, 469 and [then] you endured a great contest of sufferings. 470

468

Continue to remember the earlier days: Or, KJV: call to remembrance the former days; BER: call to mind those previous days; WMS: you must continue to remember; TAY: don’t ever forget those wonderful days. Paul now turns to an uplifting and positive note. He wants these Hebrew Christians to remember the beginnings of their faith.

469	When [you] were first illuminated: Or, enlightened, received the light. Compare Hebrews 6:4. [2 Corinthians 4:6]

470

You endured a great contest of sufferings: Or, KJV: a great fight of afflictions; RHM: a great combat; ASV: great conflict; MOF: endured a hard struggle; GDS: persecution; BEC: you successfully came through a hard and painful struggle; NEB: you met the challenge of great sufferings and held firm. The early Christians were all Jews, or Hebrews, in the first seven years of Christianity. [Daniel 9:27] It was these who first suffered persecution for Christ as revealed in Acts chapters 4 and 5. [Philippians 1:29; 2 Timothy 3:12]

HE10:33 Indeed, you were observed as in a theater 471 participating with those sharing the same things. 472

471	You were observed as in a theater: Or, KJV: partly, whilst ye were made a gazing-stock; RHM: a spectacle; TCN: public spectacle; BEC: a public show; LAM: an object of ridicule. Paul uses similar language at 1 Corinthians 4:9.

472

Participating with those sharing the same things: Or, KJV: whilst ye became companions of them that were so used; MOF: partly by making common cause with those who fared thus; GDS: sometimes showing yourselves ready to share the lot of those in that condition. Compare 1 Corinthians 12:26 and Philippians 1:7.

HE10:34 For you sympathized with those in prison bonds. 473 With joy you plundered your own possessions, 474 realizing you possess a better piece of property which will always remain. 475

473	You sympathized with those in prison bonds: Or, KJV: for ye had compassion on me in my bonds; ASV: on them that were in bonds. Some texts read “me” while others read “them.” If the former is the case it possibly points to Paul as the author.

474

With joy you plundered your own possessions: Or, KJV: took joyfully the spoiling of your goods; RHM: the seizure of your good with joy; NAS: the seizure of your property; WMS: cheerfully submitted to the violent seizure of; MON: the confiscation of. Two thoughts are possible: a) authorities seized their property; and, b) they sold their own possessions to aid their fellow Christians.

475

Realizing you possess a better piece of property which will always remain: Or, KJV: knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and enduring substance; BAS: a better property and one which you would keep for ever. Some texts add “heaven.” John 14:1-3 comes to mind. Compare Luke 16:9. Heaven is the true home of those who temporarily sojourn as aliens on earth.

Hebrews 10:35-39 – Do Not Cast Off Boldness

HE10:35 Therefore, you should not cast off your bold outspokenness 476 which has a great reward to be paid it. 477

476	You should not cast off your bold outspokenness: Or, KJV: cast not away therefore your confidence; ASV: boldness; WMS: confident courage. Compare Hebrews 10:19.

477	A great reward to be paid it: Or, great recompense, vast reward, rich reward in the world to come. The reward is heavenly life. [1 Corinthians 15:40-52]

HE10:36 For you need to have endurance 478 so that having done the will of The God you might capture the Promise. 479

478

You need to have endurance: Or, patience, steadfastness. Compare Luke 21:19 and James 5:11. The word group “endure” occurs 45 times in the Christian Bible. Compare also Hebrews 10:32; 12:1-3. The Christian race [or, test] must be completed, and victory is not absolutely assured unless faithfulness continues to the end.

479

So that having done the will of The God you might capture the Promise: Or, KJV: after ye have done the will of God; GDS: if you are to carry out God’s will. Paul echoes the Nazarene. [Matthew 7:21-23] The Nazarene disciples do well to research “the will of God” or “God’s will” in the Christian Bible.

HE10:37 For, “in a very little while… 480 [Isaiah 26:20 LXX] the One coming will arrive and will not delay.” 481 [Habakkuk 2:3]

480

In a very little while: Paul builds a compound paraphrase (or, conflate) on Isaiah 26:20 and Habakkuk 2:3. John 14:19 also uses the phrase “a little while longer.” In Isaiah 26:20 [“but for a moment”] the context is the resurrection [Isaiah 26:19 LXX = John 5:29] and the deliverance of Yehowah’s People.

481	The One coming will arrive and will not delay: The phrase is from Habakkuk 2:3 and may relate to the Parousia of Messiah [or, to the first manifestation of the Nazarene].

HE10:38 However, “My righteous one will live from conviction,” 482 [Habakkuk 2:4] and, “if he should ever flinch My soul will not think well of him.” 483

482	My righteous one will live from conviction: Paul quotes Habakkuk 2:4 – one of his favorite texts. [See Romans 1:17 and elsewhere.]

483	If he should ever flinch My soul will not think well of him: Or, KJV: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him; KNX: he shall win no favour with me. Paul continues in his reference to Habakkuk 2:4. There is great danger in doubt – what Paul means by flinching or drawing back.

HE10:39 But, we are not those who flinch unto destruction, 484 but rather a procurement of [the] Soul through deep conviction. 485

484

We are not those who flinch unto destruction: Or, KJV: we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; MON: we are not of defections; ALF: backsliding; CON: men of fear; PME: men who cower. Paul is giving a rousing exhortation for these Hebrew Christians to take their stand and not flinch in the face of great danger.

485

But rather a procurement of [the] Soul through deep conviction: Or, KJV: but of them that believe to the saving of the soul; ALF: saving of the soul; WMS: faith that leads to the saving; PME: until the salvation of their souls is complete; WEY: possession of their souls; NWT: acquiring of. The Greek for “procurement” is PERIPOIESIN [Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance #4047, acquisition, preservation]. Compare Luke 21:19. It should be noted that God’s Soul [PSYCHE] has just been mentioned.

Review Questions on Chapter Ten

Summary of Chapter Ten

After describing the anti-types of the Hebrew priesthood and Tabernacle in chapter 9, Paul continues to illustrate how the Law is a shadow. He argues that the types could not perfect the conscience of the priesthood. He quotes Psalm 40 to show that God did not approve of the Jewish sacrifices and provided another “body” to be offered up. He contrasts the daily sacrifices of the Hebrew priesthood with the single offering of Christ. He then quotes Jeremiah 31:31-343 to demonstrate that under the New Covenant the consciousness of sins is removed by Christ’s offerings. As a result Christians have a bold confidence to approach The God by this new sacrifice. Paul exhorts to loving assembly as a consequence of this new approved standing. He offers a serious warning about willful sin leading to treating the blood of Christ with disrespect. He contrasts the punishment of apostates with those who sinned under the Law. He concludes with an exhortation to endurance and communal charity. He draws on Isaiah and Habakkuk to stress the need for faith and endurance. This subject of faith he will continue to expand in chapter 11.