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Nazarene Commentary 2000©

21^st Century Paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures© –
21^st Century Version of the Christian Scriptures© [NCMM]

THE FIRST LETTER OF PETER

CHAPTER THREE:
“HOLD A GOOD CONSCIENCE TO SHAME ACCUSERS”

[“Good Conscience”]
Key Word: Conduct
Theme Verse: 16

1 Peter 3:1-7 – Win Over an Unbelieving Husband

1PE3:1 In a similar manner wives should continue to subject themselves to their own husbands, 135 so that if any of these are disobeying the Word 136 they may be won without a word because of [your] conduct 137 –

135

Wives should continue to subject themselves to their own husbands: Or, KJV: likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; TCN: again, you married women should submit to our husbands; TAY: wives, fit in with your husband’s plans; NJB: in the same way, you wives should be obedient to your husbands; BAR: in the same way; BAR: accept the authority of. This is a verse that disturbs some contemporary Christian women who are opposed to the Biblical model of marriage. Other Christian women may be inclined to discover exactly what the Bible says and be guided by it. The Greek verse here begins with HOMOIOS, which means “likewise” or “similarly.” Why does Peter do this? He is making a connection with the previous discussion of “subjection” in 1 Peter 2:13, 18 where the subject was submission and obedience to human rulers and slaves to their masters. For more details on women in the Bible see the work The Biblical Woman in Nazarene Commentary 2000©. [Romans 7:2; 1 Corinthians 11:3; 14:34; Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:5]

136

So that if any of these are disobeying the Word: Or, obey not, reject the Message. These are unbelieving husbands here, or “Christian” men not obedient to the Word. Christian husbands are to love, cherish, and care for their wives. See notes on Ephesians 5:22-33. On such unbelieving husbands compare also 1 Corinthians 7:12-16. See the Biblical Article The Godly Husband.

137

They may be won without a word because of [your] conduct: Some versions make this: they may be won with the Word. The KJV has an interesting reading contradictory in modern English: “they may also without the word be won by the conversation of the wives.” The Greek for word here is without the article and so “a word.” Compare NJB: with a word spoken; BAR: without a word being spoken. Peter’s point seems to be that a Christian wife may win and unbelieving husband through her conduct, without speaking a single word. Aristotle expressed the Greek view, “The beauty of women is their silence.” The woman who has recently become a Christian may be enthusiastic, or even over zealous, and tend to speak too much to a husband who does not want to hear it. Her conduct will speak volumes should she learn to control her speech. [1 Corinthians 7:16] Compare Proverbs 31:26.

1PE3:2 [your husbands] having been eyewitnesses of your chaste conduct and deep respect. 138

138

Chaste conduct and deep respect: Or, KJV: chaste conversation coupled with fear; RHM: reverently chaste behavior; WMS: how chaste and respect you are; NOR: how pure and god-fearing; BAR: reverent and pure. While many women may remain “chaste” – or faithful to their husbands – respect or disrespect is most often displayed by speech. The tongue is a difficult member for any to control. [James 3:1ff] All created beings must learn to be in subjection or submission to someone else, including the Lord Jesus Christ. [1 Corinthians 11:3; 15:28] Men in the work place must be obedient or in subjection to superiors. The same is true between student and professor. Little is gained in the world by being disrespectful to others. The Greek word is PHOBO and means a deep kind of fear or great respect and is most often characterized by speech. [Ephesians 5:33]

1PE3:3 Now, let not your adornment be the exterior show of hair-braiding 139 – or the wearing of gold 140 –

139

Let not your adornment be the exterior show of hair-braiding: Or, KJV: whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning; MOF: you are not to adorn yourselves on the outside; NEB: your beauty should not reside in outward beauty; NJB: your adornment be no an exterior one; BAR: not superficial beauty; BAR: elaborate hair-styles. Compare Proverbs 31:22, 25, 30. The word “adornment” is from the Greek COSMOS which literally means some kind of “arrangement” or “order” of things. From this comes the English “cosmetics.” Some read this literally and oppose all adornment, cosmetics and jewelry for women. Others note Peter does not specifically say that. The phrase “hair-braiding” is literally “inweaving.” Or, plaiting of hair. Cultures vary widely in women’s cosmetics and hair-styles. Each will have to determine Peter’s statement within their own social norms. In this regard it is good to keep Paul’s own directive in mind. [1 Timothy 2:9] It is interesting to note Jezebel’s attempt to influence Jehu. [2 Kings 9:30]

140

The wearing of gold: Or, ornaments of gold, jewelry, gold jewelry; BAR: expensive jewelry. There is a strong reason to consider this quite literal given the early Christian communal social order. Compare Acts 2:44. [Luke 12:33] In all cultures women are characterized by some kind of adornment, including rings on fingers, in nose and ears. See the Bible and rings. In some cases this is part of the bride’s dowry so that she may not forever be always materially dependent on the male. Note the Nazarene’s parable at Luke 15:8, 9. The women who followed Jesus were noted for assisting his ministry from their possessions, likely expensive jewelry. [Luke 8:3] Given James 1:27 and other texts it would seem both Christian men and women would avoid wearing expensive [a relative term] and ignore the need of the poor and oppressed. Some Christians claimed their riches were proof of God’s blessing, but were in error. [Revelation 3:17] Note the condemnation of James regarding gold. [James 2:2; 5:1-5]

1PE3:4 but rather the incorruptible, secret person of the heart 141 together with a quiet and mild disposition 142 which is highly valued in the sight of The God. 143

141

The incorruptible, secret person of the heart: Or, KJV: the hidden man of the heart; MON: the hidden personality; TCN: the inner life; NOR: your beauty should… be the inner loveliness of the heart, the imperishable jewel; MOF: immortal beauty; TAY: the lasting charm; NWT: the secret person of the heart; BAR: the beauty of your inner character and personality. [Ephesians 3:16; 2 Corinthians 4:16] Almost an echo of Proverbs 31:30.

142

A quiet and mild disposition: Or, KJV: meek and quiet; MON: quiet and gentle; NJB: gentle and peaceful; MOF: gentle, modest; BAR: gentle and serene character. “Quiet” is consistent with “without a word” above. The woman who is loud, boisterous, and overbearing is characterized by the loose woman of the Proverbs. [Proverbs 7:11; 9:13] Peter uses the Greek word HESYKHIOU which is the same word used by Paul at 1 Timothy 2:11, 12. Compare also 1 Corinthians 14:34.

143

Which is highly valued in the sight of The God: Or, great price, beyond price, rare value, very precious. The important thing for Christian wives to remember is this – what does God highly prize? The answer is found in the previous phrase, “a quiet and mild disposition.” A woman of such a disposition is highly prized by God. Compare a woman’s value at Proverbs 31:10 where the Hebrew has in mind a woman of strong moral character.

1PE3:5 For just so the holy wives of the past 144 who hoped in God also adorned themselves, subjecting themselves to their own husbands, 145

144

The holy wives of the past: Or, pious women. Peter has in mind the wives of the Patriarchs, and possibly such godly wives as Abigail. Compare the disposition of Abigail at 1 Samuel 25:14ff. For details on the ancient holy women see the work The Biblical Woman in Nazarene Commentary 2000©. These Biblical women are still role models for the contemporary wife.

145	Subjecting themselves to their own husbands: Or, submission; BAR: they accepted the authority of their husbands. Sarah’s original name Sarai meant “Contentious” but was changed by God to “Princess” after she humbly followed her husband from her own home to live in tents for the rest of her life.

1PE3:6 just as Sarah was obedient to Abraham, calling him lord. 146 [Genesis 18:12] You wives have become her children [by] doing good 147 and not fearing a single terror. 148

146	Sarah was obedient to Abraham, calling him lord: Peter alludes to Genesis 18:12.

147	You wives have become her children [by] doing good: Or, do well, do right. Compare John 8:33 and Galatians 3:29. [Galatians 4:24-26] “Doing good” here is the wife’s respect for her husband.

148

Not fearing a single terror: Or, KJV: do not be afraid with any amazement; MON: permit nothing to make you afraid; MOF: yield to no panic; KNX: let no anxious thoughts disturb you; NJB: live good lives free from fear and worry; BAR: if you refuse to allow anything to reduce you to frightened panic. It is possible Peter has in mind the woman’s fear of her husband’s reactions to her faith; or, the outcome to any abandonment.

1PE3:7 Likewise, the husbands dwelling with [their wives] 149 should assign them honor in harmony with knowledge, 150 as to a weaker, feminine vessel 151 – resulting in unhindered prayers 152 – for you also are joint heirs 153 of the unmerited favor of Life.

149	The husbands dwelling with [their wives]: Or, KJV: dwell with them according to; TCN: those of you who are married. Peter now addresses the married men. As in Paul, the burden really falls to the husbands – while the woman must refrain from disrespect, the husband must love. [See Ephesians 5:24-33]

150

Assign them honor in harmony with knowledge: Or, giving them honor, show deference; BAR: live understandingly… you must treat them with special respect. Peter does not use PHOBOS [fear, respect] but rather TIMEN – “honor.” He had earlier said, “honor all persons” [1 Peter 2:17] and the husband can hardly exclude his wife. [Ephesians 5:25] The phrase “with knowledge” is understood by some as “live considerately,” “with understanding.” The word GNOSIN was first used in the Jewish Greek Bible at Genesis 4:1 for intimate relations. The meaning is likely two fold: a] an “intimate” relationship – not just “sex”; and, b] dwelling with a woman with a degree of knowledge and understanding of the female makeup.

151

A weaker, feminine vessel: Or, weaker sex, weaker partner; BAR: women are the weaker sex. This phrase has been much abused and criticized. It would seem obvious to most cultures that the male is stronger physically – that is, is capable of greater physical force and power. In most sports the male is about 20% stronger, while in matters of upper body strength at least twice as strong as the female. Peter does not use such words as less intelligent, he says “weaker,” and with this statement few would disagree. Peter’s use of the word “vessel” may be the key: those vessels used within the household, particularly for special occasions were beautiful designed and more delicate; while those vessels designed for outside use, such as being lowered down a well, were more crude, coarse, and suitable for heavy work.

152

Resulting in unhindered prayers: Or, GDS: nothing may inter with your prayers; KNX: interruption; BAR: no barriers between your prayers and God. The seriousness of the man’s role in Christian marriage is here stressed: failure to do as Peter counsels may affect a man’s prayers. [Lamentations 3:44; Malachi 2:4-16]

153	You also are joint heirs: Compare Galatians 3:28. Of course, these are believing husbands who share the “one hope” with their wives. [Ephesians 4:4]

1 Peter 3:8-9 – Fellow Feeling and Brotherly Love

1PE3:8 Concluding [this subject], 154 all of you be like-minded 155 – sympathetic, 156 along with brotherly affection, 157 well-disposed to compassion, 158 humble in disposition, 159

154	Concluding [this subject]: Some versions say: finally, or lastly. Surely what he is to now say would also have an application to husbands and wives.

155	Like-minded: Or, one mind, united, unity of spirit; NJB: you should all agree among yourselves. In both the family and the Church there should be an effort to be unified. [1 Corinthians 1:10; Philippians 2:2; Acts 2:46]

156	Sympathetic: Or, KJV: having compassion for one another; ASV: compassionate. The Greek is SYMPATHEIS which means “fellow feeling.” [Psalm 69:20; Hebrews 10:34]

157	Brotherly affection: Or, NJB: love the brothers; TCN: full of brotherly love. Compare 1 Peter 1:22; 2 Peter 1:7. For details see Nazarene Commentary 2000© on 2 Peter 1:7.

158	Well-disposed to compassion: Or, pitiful, tender-hearted, kind-hearted. [Ephesians 4:32; Philippians 2:1; Colossians 3:12; James 5:11; 1 John 3:17] Often this has to do with positive action toward the needy by acts of charity. See the Parable of the Good Samaritan. [Luke 10:29-37]

159	Humble in disposition: Or, KJV: courteous; ASV: humbleminded; NJB: self-effacing; RHM: lowly-minded. [Proverbs 18:12; 22:4; James 4:6] Compare 1 Peter 5:5. Humility makes unity possible.

1PE3:9 not paying back harm for harm, 160 or slander for slander, 161 but rather, bestow blessings 162 [on others]. So that you inherit a blessing, 163 for unto a blessing you were invited. 164

160

Not paying back harm for harm: Or, KJV: not rendering evil for evil; NJB: never repay one wrong with another. The phrase is almost identical to Romans 12:17. It is possible Peter alludes to Romans 12:17 or 1 Thessalonians 5:15. Love identifies the real disciple of Jesus. It is easy to know what hurts you – now do not to that to others, even if they have first done it to you.

161

Slander for slander: Or, railing for railing, reviling for reviling, insult with another insult, hard words with hard words, curse for curse, abuse for abuse, reproach for reproach. Compare 1 Peter 2:23. It is most difficult to remain silent when one has spoken evilly of you, but here is the test of a genuine Christian.

162	Bestow blessings: Or, blessing. The language is very similar to Romans 12:14. [1 Corinthians 4:12]

163	So that you inherit a blessing: Peter suggests that if a Christian wishes to inherit a Blessing they must first be a blessing to others.

164

For unto a blessing you were invited: Or, called. The idea echoes back to Abraham. [Genesis 12:2, 3] The word group “bless” occurs upwards of 500 times in the Bible, the first occurrence at Genesis 1:22, 28. The word occurs most often in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis and Psalms. Luke uses it more often than all the other Gospels.

1 Peter 3:10-12 – A Restrained Tongue Seeks Peace

1PE3:10 For “the person wanting to love Life and experience good days – let him cause his tongue to cease from harming others 165 and his lips from speaking deceit.

165

Let him cause his tongue to cease from harming others: To support his exhortation Peter quotes Psalm 34:12-16 which confirms that if one would see Life they must control their tongue. The Nazarene speaks the same way at Matthew 12:34-37. All humanity will be judged by their speech, as well as their actions. The quotation from Psalms contains the Tetragram twice and the word “Lord” is without the article in the Greek, suggesting YHWH might well appear here.

1PE3:11 Rather let him do good and not be inclined to harmfulness. Let him seek and be in pursuit of peace. 166

166	Let him seek and be in pursuit of peace: This refers back to the call for unity and agreement. The idea echoes the Nazarene. [Matthew 5:9, 24]

1PE3:12 Because YHWH’s eyes [look] upon righteous persons and His ears [listen] to their supplication. But, YHWH’s face is against the persons doing harmful things.” [Psalm 34:12-16]

1 Peter 3:13-16 – Zeal for Good and Ready Defenses

1PE3:13 For who is the person who would treat you harmfully if you become zealous for doing good? 167

167	Who is the person who would treat you harmfully if you become zealous for doing good: Only the very evil person. Compare Daniel chapter 6. [Romans 13:3]

1PE3:14 However, you are blessed persons if you suffer because of righteousness. 168 But, “do not fear their fear, nor become troubled.” 169 [Isaiah 8:12]

168	You are blessed persons if you suffer because of righteousness: The idea echoes the Nazarene at Matthew 5:10-12.

169	Do not fear their fear, nor become troubled: Peter draws on Isaiah 8:12, not necessarily as an inspired application of it – as though this were an interpretation – but rather as in borrowing a phrase for his own use.

1PE3:15 But rather, all of you sanctify the Christ as [the] Master in your hearts, 170 ever ready to face toward anyone asking you for a defense of your hope 171 – but [doing so] with mildness and deep respect 172 –

170	Sanctify the Christ as [the] Master in your hearts: The KJV uses “sanctify the Lord God…” as it is found in the Received Text. However, most have “Christ as Lord” or “Lord [Master] Christ.” Or, revere, consecrated, give honour. Peter is to go on and explain one way this is done.

171

Ever ready to face toward anyone asking you for a defense of your hope: Or, MOF: ready with a reply who calls you to account. The Greek word for “defense” is APOLOGIAN [apology] from which “apologetics” comes. This “hope” has already been defined as something heavenly. [1Peter 1:3, 4, 13; Ephesians 4:4] This hope involves the “resurrection” which some Jews did not accept [Luke 20:27; Acts 24:15] and Greeks thought folly, as the soul was immortal in their own theology. [Acts 17:31, 32] This process of defending the Christian hope would involve a degree of knowledge.

172

[Doing so] with mildness and deep respect: Or, KJV: meekness and fear; NEB: modesty and respect; NOR: humble and reverent; KNX: courteously and with due reverence. Compare Colossians 4:6. [Proverbs 15:1; 2 Timothy 2:24, 25; Titus 3:2] When one defends the faith or personal beliefs there is a danger of becoming too sensitive to an attack and begin to respond in kind. Often when a person’s arguments are we they resort to personal attacks and avoid the subject. It is unfortunate that too many Christians, particularly on the Internet, become ill-mannered and begin to behave in a manner completely opposite to Peter’s counsel.

1PE3:16 holding a good conscience 173 so that they may become ashamed 174 when they speak abusively against your good conduct in Christ. 175

173

Holding a good conscience: Or, clean conscience. When attacked the Christian with a “good conscience” can be assured that there is no legitimate reason for am accusation. Compare Acts 23:1; 24:16; 1 Timothy 1:5, 19; 3:9. See Nazarene Commentary 2000© notes on Romans 2:15, 16 and the Biblical Article God and Your Conscience.

174	They may become ashamed: See notes on 1 Peter 2:12. [Titus 2:8]

175	Good conduct in Christ: Or, excellent conduct; good Christian behaviour. Genuine Christians are characterized by “good conduct” which the world cannot fault.

1 Peter 3:17-20 – A Good Conscience Shames Accusers

1PE3:17 For it is better for persons to suffer because of doing good 176 – if that be the wish and will of The God – than be persons suffering for doing bad.

176

It is better for persons to suffer because of doing good: Or, doing right. Compare notes on 1 Peter 2:19, 20. Most persons will endure suffering at some point in their lives. Criminals suffer imprisonment, even death, for wrongdoing. Note the words of the thief at the execution of Christ. [Luke 23:40, 41]

1PE3:18 Because even Christ died once for all regarding sins, 177 a righteous person in behalf of unrighteous persons, 178 so that he might lead you in an approach toward The God. 179 Indeed, [Christ] – though having been put to death in [the] flesh, 180 then being made alive as a spirit-being 181

177	Christ died once for all regarding sins: Though the KJV has “once suffered” most have “once died.” [Isaiah 53:6; Hebrews 9:28; 1 John 2:2]

178	A righteous person in behalf of unrighteous persons: Or, just for the unjust, the righteous One for the guilty.

179

He might lead you in an approach toward The God: Or, KJV: might bring us to God; KNX: present u in God’s sight; MOF: bring us near to God. [Romans 5:2; Ephesians 2:18; 3:12; Hebrews 10:1, 19] The Greek infers a procession approaching God. Compare 2 Corinthians 2:14. It is possible Peter goes further and alludes to the Son’s presentation of his Church to God in heaven. [Ephesians 5:27]

180

Having been put to death in [the] flesh: Or, KJV: being put to death in the flesh; GDS: was physically put to death; TCN: his body being put to death; WMS: put to death in physical form. The Greek is THANATOTHEIS [having been put to death] MEN [indeed] SARKI [in flesh]. [UBS Int; compare RHM] Jesus the Nazarene was a human being of flesh and blood, a son of humankind. Paul calls him an ANTHROPOD. [Romans 5:12-14]

181

Then being made alive as a spirit-being: Literally “in spirit.” Or, KJV: but quickened by the Spirit; ASV: made alive in the spirit; TCN: but his spirit entering upon new Life; NEB: in the spirit he was brought to life. The Greek is ZOOPOIETHEIS [having been made alive] DE [but] PNEUMATI [to spirit]. The Greek is a rhyme. On “made alive” as a synonym for resurrection see Romans 14:9; Revelation 2:8; 20:4-6. Judging from Paul’s detailed discussion of the soul-like [physical, mortal, corruptible, earthly, dusty] being and the spirit-like [spiritual, immortal, incorruptible, heavenly] being Christ is not raised in flesh and blood, but in a spirit-schematic. [2 Corinthians 5:1, 2; Philippians 3:20, 21] [For details see the work Where Are the Dead? and The Resurrection – According to Paul in Nazarene Commentary 2000©.] Upon his resurrection the glorified Lord Jesus “appeared in another form” and made different manifestations. [Mark 16:12 KJV; John 20:1, 2] He only “became visible” because God granted it. [Acts 10:40]

1PE3:19 so that [as a spirit-being] [he] also preached to those spirit-beings in prison 182

182

[As a spirit-being] [he] also preached to those spirit-beings in prison: Or, KJV: by which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison; NEB: in the spirit he went and made his proclamation to the imprisoned spirits. There is considerable disagreement on this phrase. Some [NJB] think Christ preached to the spirits during his time in Hades. This is not consistent with the Biblical teaching that death is unconscious sleep awaiting a resurrection in Hades. [Job 14:12-15; Ecclesiastes 9:4, 5, 10; Acts 2:31] Peter does not state when this occurred. It is more likely it occurred upon Christ’s return to the “realms above” the celestial domain. [John 6:62; 8:23] Peter goes on to explain who these “spirits” [angels] were. [1 Peter 3:20] It should be noted that in the same breath Peter uses PNEUMATI of Christ [to spirit] and PNEUMASIN [spirits] proving that Christ was raised, not in the flesh, but in a life-form or body similar to these “spirits” – that is a spirit-being. Note that “God is a spirit.” [John 4:24] The angels are called “spirits.” [Hebrews 1:14, PNEUMATA] Peter himself explains who these “spirits” were. [2 Peter 2:4; compare Jude 6] Nowhere does the Bible teach that humans go on to a spirit realm after death. [John 3:13] Not even David ascended to heaven. [Acts 2:29, 34]

1PE3:20 who were once disobedient 183 during the time of The God’s tolerance in the days of Noah’s constructing of the Ark, in which only a few (that is, eight souls) were saved through water. 184 [Genesis 6:1-5; 7:23]

183	Who were once disobedient: Peter seems to clearly allude to Genesis 6:1, 2 and the angels who came down to co-habit with human women, producing a hybrid offspring. [Jude 6]

184

Only a few (that is, eight souls) were saved through water: Compare Genesis 7:23. Peter also mentions the Flood in 2 Peter 2:4, 5; 3:5-7. The Nazarene also believed in the Flood. [Matthew 24:37; Luke 17:26, 27] It is worthy of note that most ethnic groups of people scattered around the globe have legends of a great flood. The Chinese word for “boat” is “eight mouths.” Indeed, the luckiest number in the Orient is 8. [See the work Was the Flood Global or Local? In Nazarene Commentary 2000©.]

1 Peter 3:21-22 – Saving Baptism and the Conscience

1PE3:21 [This salvation through water] is an anti-type [of] a baptism 185 which is now saving you. 186 Not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, 187 but rather a request made unto God for a good conscience 188 as a result of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

185

[This salvation through water] is an anti-type [of] a baptism: Or, KJV: the like figure whereunto even baptism; NEB: this water prefigured the water of baptism; TCN: and baptism, which this foreshadowed; MOF: baptism, the counterpart of that; NJB: it is the baptism corresponding to this water. The Greek is ANTITYPON and suggests the saving of the eight souls through water pre-figured Christian baptism in Peter’s analogy. The language seems to indicate the importance of Christian baptism. Many have expanded the type of Noah, the Ark and the Flood as a shadow of a great means of salvation. The Nazarene draws a parallel between his Arrival and the “day Noah entered the ark and the Flood came.” [Matthew 24:37]

186

Which is now saving you: Or, KJV: doth now save us; NEB: through which you are now brought to safety; TCN: now saves you; MOF: saves you today. It seems a strong suggestion that water baptism is necessary to salvation. Compare Peter’s words at Acts 2:37-41 and Paul’s at Acts 16:30, 31. Salvation has at least three phrases: a] having been initially saved from the world-order of humanity; b] the process of being saved; and, c] the final confirmation of salvation. See Nazarene Commentary 2000© notes on 2 Corinthians 7:1 and Philippians 2:12.

187

Not the putting away of the filth of the flesh: Or, GDS: not as the mere removing of physical stain; MOF: not the mere washing of dirt from the flesh; TCN: not the mere cleaning of the body. Compare this with Paul at Hebrews 10:22. Both infer that baptism was no mere sprinkling, but a submergence under water.

188

But rather a request made unto God for a good conscience: Or, KJV: but the answer of a good conscience toward God; MOF: the prayer for a clean conscience; RHM: request unto God for a good conscience; NEB: an appeal made to God; PME: it means the ability to face God with a clear conscience. Again note Hebrews 10:22. [Hebrews 9:9, 14; 10:2] Upon baptism by total immersion – accompanied by a request to God for a good conscience – there should be a sense of great relief that the power of Christ’s resurrection has canceled the debt of sin and shed light on a New Life of righteousness. [Romans 6:4ff]

1PE3:22 He who is at God’s right hand 189 [Psalm 110:1] – having gone into the Celestialum – [whereupon] angels and authorities and powers were made subject to him. 190 [Psalm 8:4]

189

He who is at God’s right hand: Peter alludes to Psalm 110:1, a text referenced often by Jesus and Paul. Jesus Christ ascended to heaven and God’s right hand to be enthroned in his kingdom. [Daniel 7:13; Ephesians 1:19-21; Hebrews 10:12, 13] The Nazarene several times formed a conflate or compound paraphrase of Daniel 7:13 and Psalm 110:1 in the phrase, “the Son of Humankind sitting at the right hand of God.” Research Son of Humankind [or, Son of man] in Nazarene Commentary 2000© of Matthew.

190

Angels and authorities and powers were made subject to him: Compare Ephesians 1:21. Like Paul, Peter alludes to Psalm 8:4 and applies it to Christ Jesus. [Hebrews 2:7-9] Peter quotes Psalm 2:1, 2 to Christ, and Paul quotes Psalm 2:7 applying it to the risen Lord. It seems fair to conclude that Psalm 2:6 was fulfilled upon the Nazarene’s return to heaven.